Indicate an anti-absence drug:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sure! Valproate is the correct answer as it is used as an anti-absence drug due to its effectiveness in treating absence seizures. Valproate works by enhancing the activity of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which helps to calm overactive brain activity that causes absence seizures. Phenobarbital, Carbamazepine, and Phenytoin are not typically used to treat absence seizures, as they are more commonly used to treat other types of seizures such as tonic-clonic seizures or focal seizures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Meperidine. Meperidine is commonly used in obstetric labor due to its rapid onset of action and short duration, making it suitable for managing acute pain during labor without affecting the fetus adversely. Fentanyl (A) is also a potent opioid analgesic, but its rapid onset and short duration make it more suitable for surgical procedures. Pentazocine (B) is a partial opioid agonist-antagonist and is not commonly used in obstetric labor due to its limited efficacy in managing severe pain. Buprenorphine (D) is a partial agonist with a long duration of action and is typically used for opioid maintenance therapy rather than acute pain management during labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tramadol. Tramadol is a mixed (opioid/non-opioid) agent as it acts on opioid receptors and inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. This dual mechanism provides both opioid and non-opioid effects. Paracetamol (A) is a non-opioid analgesic, sodium valproate (C) is an anticonvulsant, and butorphanol (D) is a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist but not typically used as a tick mixed agent.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: MAO-A is more selective for depression because it primarily metabolizes serotonin and norepinephrine, neurotransmitters implicated in mood regulation. MAO-B mainly metabolizes dopamine. Choices B and C are incorrect because MAO-B is not as closely associated with depression, and MAO-C is a fictitious enzyme.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Camphor is not a respiratory or cardiac analeptic. Cordiamine, Bemegride, and Caffeine are all known to have stimulant effects on the respiratory and cardiac systems. Cordiamine and Bemegride specifically act as central nervous system stimulants, while Caffeine is a known respiratory and cardiac stimulant. Camphor, on the other hand, is commonly used in topical products for its cooling and soothing effects and does not have any direct stimulant effects on the respiratory or cardiac systems. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not belong to the category of respiratory and cardiac analeptics.