Indicate a cholinomimetic agent

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Physostigmine is a cholinomimetic agent as it acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, leading to increased acetylcholine levels. 2. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that activates cholinergic receptors, mimicking the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. 3. Physostigmine is used in conditions like myasthenia gravis and glaucoma to enhance cholinergic activity. 4. Edrophonium is a short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for diagnostic purposes, not a direct-acting cholinomimetic. 5. Carbachol is a non-selective cholinergic agonist used in ophthalmology and urology, but not directly related to direct-acting cholinomimetic agents.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Sympathomimetics, such as adrenaline or epinephrine, stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased heart rate (A), vasoconstriction in the peripheral blood vessels (B), and increased venous return to the heart (C). These effects collectively contribute to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, all three options are correct as sympathomimetics impact the heart, peripheral resistance, and venous return to regulate blood pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Propranolol is a nonselective beta receptor antagonist, blocking both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. 2. Metoprolol and Atenolol are selective beta-1 receptor antagonists. 3. Acebutolol is a partial beta-1 antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. 4. Propranolol is used for conditions requiring nonselective beta blockade, like hypertension and angina.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Phenobarbital is absorbed slowly due to its high lipid solubility, leading to a delayed onset of action. It has a long half-life and is metabolized in the liver. Flurazepam, Triazolam, and Temazepam are absorbed more rapidly and have shorter durations of action compared to Phenobarbital. Flurazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine, while Triazolam and Temazepam have intermediate durations of action. Therefore, the correct answer is A (Phenobarbital) because of its slow absorption compared to the other choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia. 2. This adverse effect is dose-related, meaning it occurs more frequently with higher doses. 3. Gingival hyperplasia is characterized by overgrowth of gum tissue. 4. It is not associated with physical or psychological dependence, exacerbated seizures, or extrapyramidal symptoms. Summary: Choice A is incorrect as phenytoin does not cause dependence. Choice B is incorrect as phenytoin does not worsen seizures. Choice D is incorrect as extrapyramidal symptoms are not typically caused by phenytoin.