In which type of dialysis does the patient dialyze during sleep and leave the fluid in the abdomen during the day?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). In APD, the patient connects to a machine at night for dialysis while sleeping, and during the day, the dialysis fluid remains in the abdomen. This allows for continuous treatment without the need for daytime exchanges. A: Long nocturnal hemodialysis involves nighttime hemodialysis sessions but does not involve leaving fluid in the abdomen during the day. C: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration is a continuous renal replacement therapy used in critically ill patients, not for ambulatory dialysis. D: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) requires manual exchanges throughout the day, unlike APD where the fluid remains in the abdomen during the day.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: nausea and vomiting due to too rapid removal of fluid during peritoneal or hemodialysis. This is because rapid removal of fluid can lead to electrolyte imbalances and changes in blood pressure, causing nausea and vomiting. Choice B is incorrect because movement of red blood cells across the dialyzing membrane is not a common physical problem during dialysis. Choice C is incorrect because movement of glucose from the dialyzing solution into the blood is not typically associated with physical problems during dialysis. Choice D is incorrect because water intoxication from excessive fluid removal can occur, but it is not the most common physical problem during dialysis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys. It increases the reabsorption of sodium and water while promoting the excretion of potassium. This helps maintain electrolyte balance and blood pressure. A: Insulin mainly regulates blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells. C: BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) is involved in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure but not specifically sodium reabsorption. D: ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) also plays a role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure, but it promotes sodium excretion instead of reabsorption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: basal layer. The basal layer is the endometrial layer that remains essentially unchanged during the menstrual cycle. This layer serves as the foundation for the regrowth of the functional layer after menstruation. The myometrium (A) is the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, not the endometrial layer. The functional layer (B) is shed during menstruation and regenerates each cycle. The corpus albicans (C) is a remnant of the corpus luteum in the ovary, not related to the endometrium. Therefore, the basal layer is the correct answer as it is the only layer that remains unchanged during the menstrual cycle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because hematuria (blood in the urine) is a concerning finding that may indicate a urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or other underlying issues. By avoiding further interventions, the nurse can prevent potential harm or complications to the patient. Performing a straight catheterization (Choice A) may not be necessary without further assessment. Restricting protein intake (Choice C) is not indicated based solely on the presence of hematuria.