ATI RN
Epidemiology Test Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
In which stage of disease progression would the nurse classify a client who has elevated blood pressure but no symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Subclinical stage. At this stage, the client has elevated blood pressure but no symptoms yet. This stage is characterized by the presence of disease without clinical symptoms. The client is not in the Susceptibility stage (A) because they already have elevated blood pressure. The Clinical stage (C) is characterized by the presence of symptoms, which the client does not have. The Carrier stage (D) typically refers to individuals who harbor and transmit infectious agents without showing symptoms, not related to elevated blood pressure. Therefore, the Subclinical stage best describes the client's condition in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
Which manifestation would the nurse include when teaching about mild to moderate food poisoning at a community health fair?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dehydration. Mild to moderate food poisoning commonly leads to dehydration due to fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration is a key concern as it can lead to serious complications. Incorrect choices: A: Bloody diarrhea is more indicative of severe food poisoning or infections like E. coli. B: Diarrhea lasting more than 3 days suggests a more severe case or underlying condition. D: Fever less than 102°F is not specific to food poisoning and can occur in various illnesses.
Question 3 of 5
Which is a fairly recent surprise regarding infectious diseases in the United States?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recent scientific discoveries on the infectious etiology of stomach ulcers, coronary artery disease, and cervical cancer, for example, suggest that infectious agents may be responsible for more morbidity and mortality than previously recognized. Mortality caused by infectious diseases has decreased. Endemic refers to a disease that is regularly found among people in a certain area. In our society today, there are no endemic infectious diseases. Advances in public health and health care have made it easier to control infectious diseases such as H1N1 flu.
Question 4 of 5
A community health clinic put a tax levy on the ballot. An angry man asks a nurse, 'How can you ask me to pay taxes to buy immunizations for parents who do not want to pay for their kids to get their shots?' Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Herd immunity is a state in which those not immune to an infectious agent will be protected if a certain proportion (generally considered to be $80 \%$ ) of the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune. If most persons are immune, it will be difficult for an infectious disease to spread.
Question 5 of 5
A community health nurse determined exactly how many cases of a particular disease were currently occurring in the community. Which action should the nurse take before determining what interventions should be planned?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: No conclusions can really be drawn from just knowing a number. Only by converting that count to a rate and then comparing the rate with the previous rate, or with the rate in the broader environment or a similar community nearby, can any conclusions be drawn as to whether there is a problem or intervention needed. Once the rate has been calculated, the nurse will be able to share the findings with leadership, determine the resources available to intervene if necessary, and determine if the disease is a priority.