In which practice area were the first public health nurses (PHNs) in Canada employed?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Outpost nursing. Public health nurses in Canada were first employed in outpost nursing, providing healthcare services to remote and underserved communities. This choice is correct because historically, PHNs played a crucial role in providing primary healthcare services in isolated regions where access to healthcare was limited. Healthy baby clinics (A), school health programs (C), and tuberculosis education/prevention/treatment (D) are important practice areas for PHNs, but they were not the initial areas of employment for the first public health nurses in Canada.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because home health care is personalized to meet the unique needs of the client and their family, focusing on individualized care plans and interventions tailored to their specific health conditions. This ensures that the care provided is holistic and addresses the physical, emotional, and social aspects of the client's well-being. Choice B is incorrect because while home health care is provided in the client's environment, it is not the central difference between home health care and other types of health care. Choice C is incorrect as reimbursement differences do not define the central difference in the type of care provided. Choice D is incorrect as home health care primarily focuses on providing care to individual clients and their families, not on community health as a whole.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This activity focuses on preventing vision problems before they occur, which aligns with the primary prevention level. By identifying students who may need glasses early on, the CHN aims to prevent further complications related to poor vision. Secondary prevention (B) involves early detection and treatment to prevent the progression of a disease, which is not the primary goal in this scenario. Tertiary prevention (C) aims to minimize the impact of an already existing condition, which is not the focus here. Option D is incorrect because the activity primarily falls under the realm of primary prevention only.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Psychosocial hazards. Employees working in two-week shifts are at risk of experiencing psychosocial hazards such as stress, fatigue, and social isolation due to disrupted sleep patterns and limited time for social interactions. This can lead to mental health issues and decreased overall well-being. Biological hazards (A) are related to exposure to biological agents like bacteria or viruses. Environmental hazards (B) refer to physical factors in the workplace environment. Physical hazards (C) include risks like slips, trips, and falls. However, in the context of two-week shifts, psychosocial hazards have the most significant impact on employee health and safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Drafting policy for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs is the correct answer because it focuses on implementing primary prevention at a community level. The CHN can influence a larger population by promoting physical activity programs that are accessible to everyone. Step 2: Developing individualized exercise programs for overweight children (Choice A) is not the best choice for primary prevention as it targets a specific group rather than the community as a whole. Step 3: Monitoring body mass index in children (Choice C) is important but reactive rather than proactive in preventing weight-related issues. Step 4: Notifying parents of their child's height-weight scale (Choice D) is informative but does not directly promote primary prevention through community-wide initiatives.