In which of the following tissues both alfa and beta1 adrenergic stimulation produces the same effect?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uterus. Both alpha and beta1 adrenergic stimulation in the uterus leads to relaxation of the smooth muscle. Alpha adrenergic stimulation causes vasoconstriction in blood vessels (choice A). In the intestine (choice B), alpha adrenergic stimulation leads to decreased motility while beta1 adrenergic stimulation increases heart rate in bronchial muscles (choice D). Thus, the uterus is the only tissue where both alpha and beta1 adrenergic stimulation have the same effect of muscle relaxation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Zolpidem. Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine derivative commonly used as a hypnotic drug for treating insomnia. This is because zolpidem acts specifically on the GABA-A receptor complex, binding to a distinct site that enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA neurotransmission, leading to sedative and hypnotic effects. A: Pentobarbital is a barbiturate, not an imidazopyridine derivative. B: Temazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative, not an imidazopyridine. D: Chloral hydrate is a sedative-hypnotic drug but not an imidazopyridine derivative. Therefore, the correct choice is C, Zolpidem, due to its unique pharmacological profile as an imidazopyridine derivative with specific GABA-A receptor activity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Phenytoin is primarily used for treating Grand mal epilepsy, also known as tonic-clonic seizures. This is because Phenytoin is effective in controlling the spread of seizure activity in the brain. Petit mal epilepsy is better treated with other medications like Ethosuximide, and myoclonic seizures are typically managed with different drugs like valproic acid. Therefore, the correct answer is B as Phenytoin is specifically indicated for treating Grand mal epilepsy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Carbidopa cannot cross the blood-brain barrier due to its large molecular size. 2. Carbidopa inhibits peripheral DOPA decarboxylase, preventing levodopa breakdown outside the brain. 3. By reducing peripheral levodopa conversion, carbidopa increases levodopa availability to cross the blood-brain barrier. 4. This results in more levodopa reaching the brain for conversion to dopamine, enhancing its central effects. Summary: - Choice A is true as carbidopa indeed prevents peripheral levodopa breakdown, enhancing its central effects. - Choice B is incorrect because carbidopa does not act within the brain itself. - Choice C is incorrect as there is a correct answer. - Choice D is incorrect as not all statements are true.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abstinence syndrome. These symptoms are characteristic of opioid withdrawal, which occurs when a person dependent on opioids suddenly stops or reduces their use. Rhinorrhea, lacrimation, chills, gooseflesh, and other symptoms listed are commonly seen during opioid withdrawal due to the body's reaction to the absence of the drug. Tolerance (A) refers to a decreased response to a drug over time, not withdrawal symptoms. Opioid overdosage (B) would present with different symptoms such as respiratory depression. Drug interactions (C) may lead to various side effects but wouldn't produce the specific withdrawal symptoms listed.