In which of the following conditions estrogen is not the primary drug but is added to progestin as adjuvant:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atrophic vaginitis. In this condition, the primary treatment is usually local estrogen therapy to alleviate symptoms of vaginal dryness and discomfort. Estrogen is added as an adjuvant to progestin to address the specific symptoms of atrophic vaginitis, making it the correct choice. A: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is typically treated with hormonal therapies targeting estrogen and progestin balance, not as an adjuvant. B: Menopausal syndrome is commonly treated with hormone replacement therapy, where estrogen is the primary drug, not an adjuvant. C: Osteoporosis treatment focuses on medications that help prevent bone loss and improve bone density, with estrogen not typically used as an adjuvant.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly! Bisphosphonates are indicated for osteoporosis because they help prevent bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures by inhibiting bone resorption. This is achieved by promoting bone mineralization and increasing bone density. Bisphosphonates are not indicated for organophosphate poisoning, dementia, or Steven's Johnson syndrome as they do not have any therapeutic effect in these conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathormone. In hypoparathyroidism, there is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to low calcium levels. Parathormone replacement therapy, in the form of synthetic PTH, is the most effective treatment to restore calcium balance. Calcium lactate (B) is a calcium supplement but does not address the underlying cause. Vitamin D (C) helps with calcium absorption but does not directly treat the PTH deficiency. Pamidronate (D) is a bisphosphonate used for conditions like osteoporosis, not hypoparathyroidism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevention of osteoporosis. Medicinal calcium salts are commonly prescribed to prevent osteoporosis due to their role in maintaining bone density. Calcium is essential for bone health and helps prevent bone loss associated with osteoporosis. Choice B: Hastening fracture union is incorrect because while calcium is important for bone healing, it is not typically used as the primary treatment to hasten fracture union. Choice C: Peripheral neuritis is incorrect because calcium salts are not indicated for the treatment of peripheral neuritis. Peripheral neuritis is often treated with medications such as B vitamins. Therefore, the correct choice is A as medicinal calcium salts are specifically indicated for the prevention of osteoporosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C (Centchroman): 1. Centchroman is a non-hormonal male contraceptive that acts by inhibiting sperm production without affecting libido or potency. 2. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, which helps in contraception without affecting male sexual function. 3. Centchroman's mechanism of action does not interfere with testosterone levels or sexual desire, making it an effective male contraceptive option. 4. Studies have shown that centchroman is safe and well-tolerated, making it a suitable choice for male contraception. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A. Cyproterone acetate: It is a hormonal contraceptive that can affect libido and potency due to its anti-androgenic properties. B. Goserelin: It is a hormonal drug that suppresses testosterone production, potentially affecting libido and potency. D. Gossypol: It is a plant-derived compound that can impact sperm production and fertility without preserving libido and potency.