In what stage of development do individuals identify with same sex parents?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Phallic stage. According to Freud's psychosexual development theory, the phallic stage occurs between the ages of 3 to 6 years old. During this stage, children begin to identify with the same-sex parent and develop unconscious desires for the opposite-sex parent, known as the Oedipus complex for boys and Electra complex for girls. This identification process is crucial for the development of gender identity and understanding of societal roles. Option B) Anal stage is incorrect because this stage, which occurs between 1 to 3 years old, focuses on toilet training and the child's control over their bodily functions, not on identification with same-sex parents. Option C) Oral stage is also incorrect as this stage, occurring from birth to 1 year old, is centered around the infant's oral exploration and dependency needs, not on identification with same-sex parents. Option D) Latency stage is not the correct answer either, as this stage, which occurs from around age 6 to puberty, is characterized by a focus on social and intellectual development rather than identification with same-sex parents. Understanding the stages of psychosexual development is essential for nurses practicing family-centered care as it provides insights into how children form relationships, develop self-concepts, and understand their place within their families and society. By recognizing the significance of the phallic stage in shaping children's identification processes, nurses can better support families in fostering healthy gender development and relationships.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of the Family Centered Care Nursing Model, understanding the psychological tests used in assessing individuals is crucial for providing holistic care. In this case, the correct answer is C) WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). The WAIS is specifically designed to measure intelligence in adults, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided. The incorrect options can be explained as follows: A) Rorschach: The Rorschach test is a projective psychological test that assesses personality characteristics and emotional functioning, not intelligence. B) MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory): This test is used to assess personality traits, psychopathology, and mental disorders, not intelligence. D) TAT (Thematic Apperception Test): The TAT is a projective test used to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses, not intelligence. Educationally, understanding the distinctions between various psychological tests is essential for nurses working within a family-centered care approach. By correctly identifying the appropriate assessment tools, nurses can better support the overall well-being of their patients and their families. This knowledge ensures that care is individualized and addresses the specific needs of each person comprehensively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Rorschach. The Rorschach test is a projective psychological test that measures a person's perception of inkblots to gain insight into their thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics. This test is particularly relevant in the context of family-centered care nursing model as it can provide valuable information about how individuals perceive and interpret the world around them, which can influence their interactions within the family unit. Option B) MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) is a psychological test used to assess personality traits and psychopathology, but it is not specifically focused on measuring perception like the Rorschach test. Option C) WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) is an intelligence test used to measure cognitive abilities rather than perception. Option D) TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) is another projective psychological test similar to the Rorschach test, but it focuses on revealing a person's social drives, attitudes, and emotional conflicts through the interpretation of ambiguous pictures rather than inkblots. In an educational context, understanding the purpose and application of different psychological tests is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in the field of family-centered care nursing. Being able to differentiate between tests like the Rorschach, MMPI, WAIS, and TAT can help nurses assess and support individuals and families more effectively by utilizing appropriate tools to gain insights into their psychological well-being and perceptions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer to the question is D) TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) because it is a projective psychological test that is specifically designed to measure interpersonal relations. In the context of family-centered care nursing model, understanding the dynamics of interpersonal relationships is crucial as it allows nurses to effectively communicate, build rapport, and provide holistic care to not only the patients but also their families. Option A) Rorschach is a projective test used to examine a person's emotional functioning and personality characteristics through their interpretations of inkblots. While it can provide insights into a person's psychological state, it is not specifically focused on measuring interpersonal relations. Option B) MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) is a self-report inventory used to assess personality traits and psychopathology, but it is not designed to measure interpersonal relations directly. Option C) WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) is a standardized test used to measure cognitive ability, intelligence, and problem-solving skills, which are important but not directly related to assessing interpersonal relationships in the context of the family-centered care nursing model. In nursing practice, understanding interpersonal relations is essential for developing therapeutic relationships with patients and their families, promoting effective communication, and providing patient-centered care. By utilizing tools like the TAT, nurses can gain valuable insights into the dynamics of interpersonal relationships within the family unit, which can inform their care strategies and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of Family Centered Care Nursing Model, the theorist who believes in social development is Erik Erikson. Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the importance of social interactions and relationships in shaping human development. He proposed that individuals go through eight stages of psychosocial development, with each stage characterized by a unique developmental task or crisis related to social interactions. Sigmund Freud, known for his psychoanalytic theory, focuses more on the role of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences in development, rather than social interactions. Carl Rogers, associated with humanistic psychology, emphasizes self-concept and personal growth rather than social development specifically. Lev Vygotsky, a key figure in sociocultural theory, highlights the role of social interactions and cultural influences in cognitive development, but his emphasis is more on cognitive rather than social development. Understanding Erikson's theory is crucial for nurses practicing Family Centered Care as it helps them appreciate the social and emotional aspects of patients' development. By recognizing how social interactions influence individuals at different stages of life, nurses can better support families in their care practices. This knowledge enhances holistic patient care and fosters stronger nurse-patient relationships based on understanding the social context of health and illness.