In utero radiation exposure is associated with an excess risk of dying from leukemia before age 10 yr. Of the following, the MOST acceptable risk percent is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question on in utero radiation exposure and the risk of dying from leukemia before age 10 years, the correct answer is option C) 75%. The rationale behind this is that in pediatric oncology, there is a well-established link between radiation exposure in utero and the development of childhood leukemia. The risk percentage of 75% signifies a significantly increased likelihood of dying from leukemia due to in utero radiation exposure. Option A) 32%, option B) 52%, and option D) 92% are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the magnitude of risk associated with in utero radiation exposure leading to leukemia mortality before age 10 years. These percentages fall short in representing the substantial risk that is observed in clinical and research settings. From an educational perspective, understanding the impact of in utero radiation exposure on pediatric health is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working in pediatric nursing. This knowledge helps in providing informed care, counseling families on risk factors, and advocating for preventative measures to minimize radiation exposure during pregnancy. By choosing the correct answer, nurses can contribute to better outcomes for pediatric patients at risk for leukemia due to in utero radiation exposure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In differentiating between organophosphate poisoning, methamphetamine intoxication, and bark scorpion envenomation, the presence of roving eye movements is a key feature specific to methamphetamine intoxication. Roving eye movements, also known as nystagmus, are a characteristic sign of CNS stimulation seen in methamphetamine toxicity. Choosing paresthesias (A) is incorrect as it is a common feature of organophosphate poisoning and scorpion envenomation, not methamphetamine intoxication. Cranial nerve dysfunction (C) is more likely to be associated with organophosphate poisoning due to its neurotoxic effects on the nervous system. Seizures (D) can occur in both organophosphate poisoning and scorpion envenomation but are not specific to methamphetamine intoxication. In an educational context, understanding the distinct clinical manifestations of various toxicological emergencies is crucial for pediatric nurses. Recognizing these differences enables prompt and accurate assessment, intervention, and management, which are essential in providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients presenting with poisoning or envenomation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the complications of allergic rhinitis is crucial for providing optimal care to children. The correct answer, option C - thick nasal secretions, is the most likely clue to secondary bacterial infection like sinusitis. Thick nasal secretions are often a sign of infection as the body produces more mucus to combat the invading bacteria. This change in consistency is a key indicator for healthcare providers to suspect a bacterial component in the presentation. Option A - hyperemia, refers to redness of the nasal mucosa, which can be seen in both allergic rhinitis and bacterial infections, making it a less specific clue for infection. Option B - swollen turbinates, is a common finding in allergic rhinitis due to inflammation and may not necessarily point towards a bacterial superinfection. Option D - bluish mucous membranes, is not a typical sign of bacterial infection and would be more concerning for a lack of oxygenation. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing subtle changes in clinical presentation to differentiate between allergic reactions and potential bacterial complications. Nurses need to be vigilant in assessing the quality of nasal secretions in children with allergic rhinitis to promptly identify and address any secondary infections to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the risk factors for persistent asthma is crucial for providing effective care to children. The major risk factor for persistent asthma among the options provided is wheezing apart from colds (Option C). Wheezing apart from colds indicates ongoing airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, which are key features of persistent asthma. This symptom suggests a chronic underlying respiratory condition that requires ongoing management and monitoring. Eczema (Option A) and allergic rhinitis (Option B) are common comorbidities seen in children with asthma, but they are not considered major risk factors for persistent asthma. While they may exacerbate asthma symptoms, they do not necessarily predict the chronicity or severity of the condition. Food allergen sensitization (Option D) is more relevant to acute allergic reactions rather than the persistence of asthma symptoms. While food allergies can trigger asthma exacerbations in some individuals, they are not the primary risk factor for persistent asthma. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the key indicators of persistent asthma in children. By understanding the significance of wheezing apart from colds as a major risk factor, nurses can intervene early, initiate appropriate treatment, and collaborate with healthcare providers to manage asthma effectively in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a child with asthma, a common finding on chest radiograph is peribronchial thickening, which is the correct answer (A). Peribronchial thickening is indicative of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity, characteristic of asthma. This finding appears as increased density around the bronchial walls on the radiograph. Atelectasis (B) refers to the collapse of a portion of the lung and is not a consistent finding in asthma unless complications like mucus plugging occur. Pneumothorax (C) is the presence of air in the pleural space and is not a typical finding in asthma. Bronchiectasis (D) is a chronic condition characterized by dilated bronchi, not a common radiographic finding in acute asthma exacerbations. Educationally, understanding common radiographic findings in pediatric asthma is crucial for nurses to provide comprehensive care. Recognizing peribronchial thickening can guide treatment decisions and help monitor the effectiveness of interventions in managing asthma exacerbations in children. This knowledge enhances nursing practice and promotes optimal outcomes for pediatric patients with asthma.