In the process of transport of CO2 which phenomenon occurs between RBCs and plasma

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chloride shift. During the transport of CO2, carbonic anhydrase in RBCs converts CO2 to bicarbonate ions. To maintain electrochemical neutrality, chloride ions move into RBCs as bicarbonate ions move out into plasma (Chloride Shift). Osmosis (A) involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane, not relevant to CO2 transport. Adsorption (B) refers to the adhesion of molecules to a surface, not a process between RBCs and plasma in CO2 transport. Absorption (D) typically involves the uptake of substances into a bulk material, not applicable to the interaction between RBCs and plasma in CO2 transport.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because assisting the client to choose a communication method is crucial before a total laryngectomy surgery as it will help in ensuring effective communication post-surgery. This step is essential to address the potential communication challenges the client may face after the laryngectomy. Assessing airway patency, breathing, and circulation (Choice A) is important but typically occurs as part of routine preoperative assessments and is not specific to laryngectomy. Administering pain medication (Choice B) is not a priority before surgery and should be done as per the prescribed protocol post-surgery. Ambulating the client (Choice D) is not directly related to the specific needs of a client undergoing a total laryngectomy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the client's presentation suggests an acute respiratory issue, likely pneumonia. The client has crackles and rhonchi, low WBC count, and new onset dyspnea and cough. The priority is to assess oxygenation (PaO2 of 85 mm Hg), which is crucial in pneumonia. The client is on insulin, so blood glucose monitoring is vital. The other choices are not the priority at this moment: B is not the priority until oxygenation is assessed, C is premature without a confirmed diagnosis, and D can be done after prioritizing oxygenation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Nosocomial pneumonia specifically occurs in healthcare settings, often due to exposure to pathogens in hospitals or clinics. B (immunocompromised host) increases susceptibility but is not the defining feature. C (community setting) refers to community-acquired pneumonia. D (within 48 hours) applies to hospital-acquired pneumonia but not all nosocomial cases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of caring for a client with a pulmonary embolism (PE), the correct answer is D) Auscultate lung sounds for crackles. This task involves a specific skill set that falls within the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN. Auscultating lung sounds for crackles is crucial in assessing the respiratory status of the client, especially in cases of PE where there can be potential complications like pulmonary edema. Option A, evaluating the client's complaints of chest pain, involves a higher level of assessment and interpretation of symptoms, which is typically within the scope of a registered nurse or higher-level provider. Option B, monitoring lab values for changes in oxygenation, requires a deeper understanding of interpreting lab results and making clinical decisions based on those results, making it more appropriate for an RN. Option C, assessing for symptoms of respiratory failure, also involves a higher level of assessment and critical thinking skills that are generally within the RN's scope of practice. Providing this educational context helps clarify the specific roles and responsibilities of different members of the healthcare team based on their training and licensure levels.