Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: circulating nurse. The circulating nurse is responsible for maintaining cleanliness, ensuring proper temperature, humidity, and lighting in the operating room. They coordinate activities, manage supplies, and ensure a safe environment for the surgical team. The scrub nurse assists the surgeon with instruments and supplies, not environmental conditions. The surgeon's main focus is on performing the surgery, not environmental management. The anesthesiologist is responsible for administering anesthesia and monitoring the patient's vital signs, not the operating room environment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because antibodies are indeed produced by B-cells as part of the adaptive immune response. B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies to target specific antigens. This process is essential for generating immunity against pathogens. Incorrect Choices: A: Antibody-mediated defense occurs through the B-cell system, not the T-cell system. T-cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity. B: Cellular immunity is mediated by T-cells, not antibodies produced by B-cells. T-cells directly attack infected cells. D: Lymphocytes can increase during an allergic response, but this does not specifically relate to immunity through antibody production by B-cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use two people to assist the patient. This is the safest option as it provides optimal support and stability for the patient during their first postoperative ambulation. Two people can help prevent falls, ensure proper body mechanics, and offer immediate assistance if needed. Using one person (choice A) may not provide enough support. Encouraging the patient to "dangle" (choice C) may increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension. Giving a narcotic before ambulation (choice D) can impair the patient's balance and coordination, increasing the risk of falls.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing frequent mouth care to Mr. Franco helps in removing dried blood when his tongue is bitten during a seizure, preventing infection and promoting oral hygiene. This is crucial in preventing complications and ensuring Mr. Franco's overall well-being. Choice A is incorrect because thirst is not directly related to mouth care, and increasing fluids intake would address dehydration more effectively. Choice C is incorrect as tactile stimulation may not necessarily hasten return to consciousness in this context. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a different issue related to mouth breathing in comatose patients, which is not the immediate concern addressed by frequent mouth care in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A clot can enter the circulation. When a clotted cannula is aggressively flushed, the force can dislodge the clot, allowing it to enter the circulation and potentially leading to serious complications such as embolism. Incorrect choices: B: An air embolism can enter the circulation - In the context of a clotted cannula, air embolism is less likely compared to a clot entering the circulation. C: A painful arterial spasm can occur - Arterial spasm is a potential complication but not directly related to flushing a clotted cannula. D: Fluid extravasation into surrounding tissue can occur - Flushing a clotted cannula may not specifically lead to fluid extravasation, as it is more related to needle dislodgement or improper placement.