ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Exam Preparation Questions
Question 1 of 9
In the first 2 months of life, a febrile, previously full-term infant is more likely than an older febrile child is to have
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Group B streptococci are a common cause of sepsis in neonates due to maternal transmission during birth.
Question 2 of 9
Topical ophthalmic medications usually cause
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Repeated exposure to ophthalmic medications can lead to contact allergy, characterized by redness, swelling, and itching.
Question 3 of 9
Type I Hypersensitivity reactions are triggered by antigen binding to IgE receptors on mast cells or basophils. A recognized example of type I reaction is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Allergic asthma is a classic example of type I hypersensitivity, which involves IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
Question 4 of 9
A 4-year-old boy ingests a large dose of aspirin. What is the most appropriate therapy to maximize urinary excretion?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urinary alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate increases aspirin elimination by ion trapping, reducing toxicity.
Question 5 of 9
Primary malignancies with the highest cumulative incidence of a second neoplasm are
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hodgkin disease survivors have the highest cumulative incidence of second malignancies due to chemotherapy and radiation exposure.
Question 6 of 9
Which of the following causes hyperkalemia with K+ excess?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome releases large amounts of potassium due to rapid cell breakdown, leading to hyperkalemia.
Question 7 of 9
What is the percentage of HBsAg-positive infants who will develop chronic hepatitis or chronic carrier state
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Approximately 90% of infants infected with hepatitis B at birth become chronic carriers due to an immature immune response, leading to prolonged viral persistence.
Question 8 of 9
The most common cause of pleural effusion in children is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infections, particularly bacterial pneumonia, are the leading cause of pleural effusion in children.
Question 9 of 9
Hyperkalemia with a normal total body potassium can be caused by which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Major trauma causes hyperkalemia due to cellular lysis, releasing potassium into the bloodstream without increasing total body stores. Conditions such as crush syndrome and tumor lysis syndrome also exhibit this pattern.