ATI RN
Questions on the Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced thyroid function (hypothyroidism) lowers T3/T4, slowing basal metabolic rate (BMR), causing fatigue and cold intolerance not tolerance. Body fat may increase, and osteoporosis links to hyperthyroidism. Decreased BMR distinguishes hypothyroidism's impact, critical for aging metabolism, contrasting with cold adaptation or bone effects.
Question 2 of 5
What is gigantism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gigantism occurs when excess growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary stimulates epiphyseal cartilage growth before puberty, causing excessive height. Renal tubule issues define diabetes insipidus, low target gland stimulation relates to hypopituitarism (e.g., Simmond's), and prolactin excess causes hyperprolactinemia. Gigantism's link to GH and open growth plates distinguishes it, key to pediatric endocrinology, contrasting with post-closure acromegaly or unrelated hormone disorders.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following disease is caused by adenoma?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adenomas, benign tumors, cause acromegaly via pituitary GH oversecretion, not hyperthyroidism (often Graves' or thyroid adenoma), hypothyroidism (deficiency), or adrenal tumors (pheochromocytoma). The answer 'hyperthyroidism' seems erroneous; acromegaly fits adenoma etiology. This pituitary link distinguishes it, key to tumor-related endocrinopathies, contrasting with thyroid or adrenal origins.
Question 4 of 5
Which of these is not an endocrine gland?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salivary glands are exocrine, secreting saliva via ducts for digestion, not hormones into blood. Pancreas (insulin), testes (testosterone), and parathyroid (PTH) are endocrine, releasing hormones systemically for glucose, reproduction, and calcium regulation. Salivary's ducted, non-hormonal output distinguishes it, contrasting with endocrine glands' blood-mediated roles, key to gland classification.
Question 5 of 5
Which hormones of the adrenal glands supplement the sex hormones from the gonads?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gonadocorticoids (androgens like DHEA) from the adrenal cortex's zona reticularis supplement gonadal sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen), contributing to puberty and libido. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) regulate electrolytes, glucocorticoids (cortisol) manage stress/glucose, and epinephrine/norepinephrine handle acute stress none are sex hormones. Androgens' supportive role distinguishes them, key to adrenal-gonadal synergy, unlike electrolyte or stress hormones.