In the drug RU-486, mifepristone is a chemical that induces abortion by

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) blocking the effects of progesterone. In the drug RU-486, mifepristone acts as a progesterone receptor antagonist. Progesterone plays a crucial role in maintaining the uterine lining for a fertilized egg to implant and grow. By blocking the effects of progesterone, mifepristone causes the uterine lining to break down, leading to the detachment of the embryo and ultimately inducing abortion. Option A) dramatically reducing estrogen levels is incorrect because RU-486 primarily works by blocking progesterone, not by affecting estrogen levels. Option C) stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone is incorrect as RU-486 does not stimulate the release of this hormone. Option D) augmenting the effects of progesterone is incorrect because mifepristone acts as an antagonist to progesterone, not as an agonist or enhancer. Understanding the mechanism of action of drugs like RU-486 is essential in pharmacology, especially in the context of emergency contraception and abortion. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to have a clear understanding of how these medications work to provide accurate information and care to patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) condoms. Condoms are the only contraceptive method listed that provides protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in addition to preventing pregnancy. This is because condoms act as a physical barrier, preventing the exchange of bodily fluids that can transmit STIs during sexual activity. Option A) oral contraceptives and option D) intrauterine system are effective in preventing pregnancy but do not offer protection against STIs. These methods work by altering hormone levels or creating a physical barrier within the uterus to prevent pregnancy but do not provide a barrier against STIs. Option B) tubal ligation is a permanent surgical procedure for sterilization that blocks the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy. While it is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, it does not offer any protection against STIs. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to emphasize the importance of using condoms not only for pregnancy prevention but also for STI prevention. Emphasizing the dual benefits of condoms can help individuals make informed decisions about their sexual health and reduce the risk of STI transmission.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of emergency contraception, the diaphragm is the only option among the provided choices that is available only by prescription. This is because the diaphragm requires proper fitting and sizing by a healthcare provider to ensure its effectiveness. A) Condoms are available over the counter without a prescription and are a common form of contraception that also helps prevent sexually transmitted infections. B) Spermicides are available over the counter and can be used without a prescription, typically in the form of gels, foams, or suppositories to immobilize sperm. D) Basal body temperature monitoring is a natural family planning method that does not require a prescription but involves tracking a woman's basal body temperature to determine fertile days. Understanding the prescription requirements for different contraceptive methods is crucial for healthcare providers to educate clients about their options effectively. By knowing which methods need a prescription, nurses can guide clients to make informed choices based on their individual needs and preferences.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Currently, no method exists for directly measuring bone mass. Instead, a bone mass density (BMD) measurement is used. BMD is a two-dimensional measurement of the average content of mineral in a section of bone. The client most likely will be having a DEXA scan, which is a screening test that calculates the mineral content of the bone at the spine and hip. Ultrasound, MRI, and a pelvic X-ray would be of little help in determining bone mass.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Smoking does not help keep bones strong; it actually increases the risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, this misconception requires additional teaching. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, avoiding excessive alcohol, and engaging in weight-bearing exercises are all correct measures to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.