In the cytoplasm of some bacteria there are substances in the form of granules. They are:

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Question 1 of 9

In the cytoplasm of some bacteria there are substances in the form of granules. They are:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Cytoplasmic inclusions in bacteria refer to substances like granules. These granules can be excess products of metabolism or reserve substances stored for future use. Therefore, all of the choices are correct as cytoplasmic inclusions can be any of these substances. A is correct as it directly refers to cytoplasmic inclusions. B is correct as some granules can be excess metabolic products. C is correct as certain granules can serve as reserve substances. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it encompasses all the possible types of substances found as cytoplasmic inclusions in bacteria.

Question 2 of 9

Growth factors are substances which:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because growth factors are essential nutrients that bacteria cannot synthesize on their own and must obtain from the environment for their growth. Bacteria rely on these external factors for processes like cell division, metabolism, and survival. Choice B is incorrect because bacteria can only synthesize growth factors in limited amounts, not sufficient for their growth. Choice C is incorrect as bacterial cells do not store growth factors in granules. Choice D is incorrect because bacterial cells do not synthesize growth factors in large amounts.

Question 3 of 9

All the statements about Pseudomonas aeruginosa are correct, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: It is non-motile and non-spore forming. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is motile due to its flagella and is non-spore forming. A is correct because it is a Gram-negative bacterium, and B is correct as it is oxidase-positive. D is incorrect because C is not true.

Question 4 of 9

The bacterial component targeted by penicillin is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cell wall. Penicillin targets the cell wall of bacteria by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan, a crucial component of the cell wall. This weakens the cell wall, leading to bacterial cell lysis. Choice A (DNA) is incorrect because penicillin does not directly target DNA. Choice B (Plasma membrane) is incorrect as penicillin primarily affects the cell wall, not the plasma membrane. Choice D (Ribosomes) is incorrect because penicillin does not target bacterial ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesis.

Question 5 of 9

Immunosuppressive drugs are not used for:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Measles. Immunosuppressive drugs are not used for treating viral infections like measles as they target the immune system and can worsen the infection. Organ transplantation requires immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection. Autoimmune diseases involve an overactive immune response, so immunosuppressive drugs are used to reduce this response. Hemolytic disease of the newborn can be treated with immunosuppressive drugs to prevent the destruction of red blood cells.

Question 6 of 9

Shigella sonnei can escape phagocytic clearance by which mechanism?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Shigella sonnei escapes phagocytic clearance by lysing the phagosome and replicating in the cytoplasm. This allows the bacterium to avoid being destroyed by the acidic environment and enzymes in the phagolysosome. Choice B is incorrect as Shigella does not have a capsule. Choice C is incorrect because Shigella actually induces phagosome-lysosome fusion to facilitate its escape. Choice D is incorrect as protein A is a component of Staphylococcus aureus, not Shigella sonnei.

Question 7 of 9

The term bacilli is related to:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The term bacilli refers to rod-shaped bacteria, typically found in the Gram-positive group. Spore-forming bacteria, such as Bacillus and Clostridium, are characterized by their rod shape. Choice A is incorrect as the color in Gram staining does not define bacilli. Choice C is incorrect as peptidoglycan content does not determine the classification of bacilli. Choice D is incorrect as bacilli do have a specific characteristic. Therefore, the correct answer is B due to the shape and characteristic of spore-forming bacteria.

Question 8 of 9

A fecal smear from a patient with chronic diarrhea revealed cysts with four nuclei. What is the causative agent?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Entamoeba histolytica. The presence of cysts with four nuclei is characteristic of Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite causing amoebic dysentery. It forms cysts with four nuclei before maturing into trophozoites. Balantidium coli (B) is a ciliated protozoan causing balantidiasis, not known for four-nuclei cysts. Giardia lamblia (C) forms cysts with two nuclei, causing giardiasis. Trichomonas hominis (D) is a non-pathogenic flagellate found in the human colon, not associated with four-nuclei cysts.

Question 9 of 9

Media that contain complex organic substances such as blood for the growth of specific bacteria are referred to as:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: enriched media. Enriched media contain additional nutrients such as blood to support the growth of fastidious bacteria. This allows for the cultivation of a wider range of microorganisms. General-purpose media (B) contain basic nutrients for a variety of bacteria. Reducing media (C) create anaerobic conditions, not necessarily rich in organic substances. Differential media (D) contain indicators to distinguish between different types of microorganisms, not necessarily enriched with organic substances.

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