Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the community setting, the essential record about the patient is the patient's chart. This chart contains all important information about the patient, including medical history, treatment plans, medications, progress notes, and any other pertinent information related to the patient's care. It serves as a crucial document for healthcare providers to track and monitor the patient's health status, facilitate communication among team members, ensure continuity of care, and make informed clinical decisions. The patient's chart is a comprehensive and centralized source of information that guides the delivery of quality care in the community setting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described with sudden-onset, painless vision loss, a cherry-red spot at the macula, and attenuated retinal vessels is classic for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). CRAO occurs when the central retinal artery, which supplies blood to the inner retinal layers, becomes occluded. The cherry-red spot is due to the exposure of the underlying choroid, which still appears red as it is not affected by the blockage. Attenuated retinal vessels and a pale retina may also be seen due to ischemia. In contrast, central retinal vein occlusion (choice B) presents with sudden painless vision loss, retinal hemorrhages, dilated retinal veins, and cotton-wool spots. Retinal detachment (choice C) typically presents with flashes, floaters, and a curtain-like shadow across the vision. Acute angle-closure glaucoma (

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the community setting, the essential record about the patient is the patient's chart. This chart contains all important information about the patient, including medical history, treatment plans, medications, progress notes, and any other pertinent information related to the patient's care. It serves as a crucial document for healthcare providers to track and monitor the patient's health status, facilitate communication among team members, ensure continuity of care, and make informed clinical decisions. The patient's chart is a comprehensive and centralized source of information that guides the delivery of quality care in the community setting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most commonly associated adverse effect with ACE inhibitors is a dry cough. This cough is non-productive and can be quite bothersome for patients, often leading to non-compliance with the medication. The cough is thought to be due to the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P, which are vasodilatory and bronchoconstrictive peptides that are normally degraded by ACE. When ACE is inhibited, these peptides accumulate and can lead to irritation of the respiratory tract, resulting in the dry cough. It's important for healthcare providers to be aware of this common side effect and consider alternative medications if the cough becomes problematic for the patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are meant to be dissolved under the tongue to allow for rapid absorption into the bloodstream. Placing the tablet under the tongue helps to bypass the first-pass metabolism in the liver, leading to a quicker onset of action and chest pain relief. Chewing, swallowing, or applying the tablet to the skin will result in decreased effectiveness or delayed onset of action. Therefore, it is important for the patient to be instructed to place the nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve for optimal therapeutic benefit.