In the colon, which is benign and has no significant tendency to undergo malignant transformation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: juvenile polyp. Juvenile polyps are benign growths commonly found in the colon and rectum of children. They have no significant tendency to undergo malignant transformation due to their non-neoplastic nature. They are typically small, solitary, and have a smooth surface. Familial polyposis (choice A) is a hereditary condition characterized by numerous polyps in the colon, which can progress to colorectal cancer. Villous adenomas (choice C) are precancerous lesions with a higher risk of malignant transformation. Carcinoid tumors (choice D) are neuroendocrine tumors that can be found in various parts of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, and have the potential to be malignant.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because none of the statements are true. A is incorrect because fat-soluble vitamins are incorporated into chylomicrons before absorption. B is incorrect because triglycerides are resynthesized in the intestinal cell but packaged into chylomicrons, not directly exported. C is incorrect because pancreatic lipase functions best at a pH of around 7-8, not 3. So, the correct answer is D as all the other choices are incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bile. Bile is not a component of gastric juice; it is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder to aid in digestion in the small intestine. Pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, and mucus are all components of gastric juice. Pepsinogen is the inactive form of pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins. Hydrochloric acid helps in the digestion of food and kills bacteria. Mucus protects the stomach lining from the acidic environment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, absent bowel sounds. Absence of bowel sounds may indicate a serious issue requiring further assessment. Normal bowel sounds include soft gurgles and clicks, so choices A, B, and D are variations of normal findings and do not necessarily indicate a need for further assessment. Absent bowel sounds could indicate bowel obstruction, peritonitis, or ischemia, warranting a focused abdominal assessment to determine the underlying cause.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse should prioritize assessing the patient's condition to ensure immediate safety and appropriate intervention. This includes evaluating for signs of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and potential complications like Clostridium difficile infection. Option B is not the first action as immediate assessment is crucial. Option C is important but not the priority at this moment. Option D is important but should not be the first action in this scenario.