In the care of patients with communicable diseases, Nurse Keena should know that feces, urine, blood and other body fluids are considered as ______.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Feces, urine, blood, and other body fluids are considered as vehicles of transmission in the context of communicable diseases. These substances can carry and transmit disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites from infected individuals to others. Through close contact or exposure to these contaminated body fluids, the pathogens can enter the body of another person and cause infection. Nurses like Nurse Keena must exercise caution and use appropriate infection control measures to prevent transmission of communicable diseases through these vehicles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pneumothorax, air enters the normally negative pressure space between the lung and chest wall, leading to loss of negative intra-pleural pressure. However, this loss of negative pressure typically does not directly result in lung collapse. Instead, the accumulation of air in the pleural space can lead to a pressure imbalance, causing the lung to collapse partially or completely, which is known as atelectasis. Therefore, it is more accurate to state that the loss of negative intra-pleural pressure can result in lung collapse due to the presence of air in the pleural space, rather than the loss of negative pressure itself causing the collapse.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The bio-ethical principle of veracity pertains to honesty and truthfulness in healthcare communication. By providing fraudulent information about the patient's diagnosis and prognosis, the nurse would be violating the principle of veracity. It is crucial for healthcare providers to be honest and provide accurate information to patients in order to ensure informed decision-making and uphold the trust between healthcare professionals and their patients. Misleading a patient about their diagnosis and prognosis can have serious consequences on the patient's understanding of their condition, treatment decisions, and overall well-being. Therefore, maintaining honesty and truthfulness is essential in promoting ethical healthcare practices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct approach for formulating statements of findings in a study is to extract meanings and themes from significant statements. This involves analyzing the data collected, identifying patterns or themes that emerge from the responses, and then formulating statements that encapsulate these findings. By doing so, the researcher can accurately capture the essence of the data and present meaningful conclusions based on the analysis. This process goes beyond merely summarizing or describing the responses and delves deeper into the interpretations and implications of the findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is important for the nurse to have a direct and easily accessible means of communication with the patient who is expected to be in and out of the hospital due to their chronic illness like leukemia. By asking for the patient's phone number, the nurse can quickly reach out to them for updates, clarification, or any urgent matters that may arise. This direct communication line helps in ensuring continuity of care and addressing the patient's needs promptly. This approach is more practical and efficient compared to options such as asking the patient to call the hospital number listed in the yellow pages or relying on chart information which may not always be up to date. Writing down the number and giving it to the ward clerk may cause unnecessary delays in communication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is given pre-operatively to decrease intra-operative anesthetic requirements and post-operative pain. It is a common analgesic that can help reduce the amount of intra-operative anesthesia needed and provide some pain relief during the surgery. Unlike drugs like Celebrex, Ibuprofen, and Demerol, Acetaminophen does not have anti-inflammatory properties, but it is effective in managing pain and can contribute to overall pain control before, during, and after surgery. This makes it a preferred choice for pre-operative medication in order to decrease the need for higher doses of anesthetics and reduce post-operative pain levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering a stool softener as ordered is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a postpartum client experiencing severe perineal pain and difficulty passing stools following a vaginal delivery. Stool softeners help to soften the stool, making it easier for the client to pass without straining, which can exacerbate perineal pain. It is important to follow the healthcare provider's orders when administering medications to ensure proper dosing and effectiveness. Encouraging the client to refrain from defecation may lead to constipation and worsen the situation. Applying ice packs to the perineum can provide temporary pain relief, but addressing the underlying issue of constipation with a stool softener is more effective in the long term. Providing education on proper perineal hygiene is important for overall postpartum care, but addressing the immediate issue of constipation with a stool softener takes precedence in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The large intestine, also known as the colon, is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from undigested food residue that passes through the digestive system after it has been processed in the small intestine. As the waste material moves through the colon, water is absorbed, and the remaining material forms feces. The feces are then stored until they are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus. The liver, stomach, and pancreas play important roles in digestion and nutrient absorption, but the specific function of absorbing water and forming feces is carried out by the large intestine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fidelity is a principle of ethics that relates to being faithful or loyal to one's commitments and responsibilities. When Nurse Pat promises to assist the post-surgical patient with ambulation after carrying out the physician's order, she is demonstrating fidelity by honoring her commitment to the patient. This principle highlights the importance of keeping promises, being reliable, and maintaining trust in the nurse-patient relationship.