In the assessment of a 1-month-old infant, the nurse notices a lack of response to noise or stimulation. The mother reports that in the last week he has been sleeping all of the time, and when he is awake all he does is cry... The nurse hears that the infant's cries are very high pitched and shrill. What should be the nurse's appropriate response to these findings?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Refer the infant for further testing. The nurse should be concerned about the lack of response to noise or stimulation, excessive sleeping, constant crying, and high-pitched cries in a 1-month-old infant. These signs could indicate potential issues such as hearing problems, developmental delays, or other health concerns. Referring the infant for further testing is crucial to rule out any underlying medical conditions and ensure appropriate intervention if needed. Talking about eating habits (B) or doing nothing (C) are not appropriate responses given the concerning symptoms. Asking the mother to bring the baby back in 1 week for a recheck (D) delays necessary evaluation and intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cerebrum. The cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions, including cognition, perception, and awareness of surroundings. Orientation to surroundings involves awareness of time, place, and person, which are cognitive functions controlled by the cerebrum. The cerebellum (B) controls coordination and balance, not orientation. The CNS (C) includes the brain and spinal cord, but specifically, the cerebrum is responsible for orientation. The medulla oblongata (D) regulates vital functions like breathing and heart rate, not orientation. Thus, choice A is correct as it directly relates to cognitive functions necessary for orientation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because discussing the potential impact of the patient's family history of stroke is crucial in understanding her risk factors. By encouraging lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise, the nurse can help reduce the patient's risk of stroke. This approach aligns with preventive care and empowers the patient to take control of her health. Choices A and D are incorrect because stopping medications or recommending immediate surgery without proper assessment and consultation with healthcare providers could be harmful and unnecessary. Choice B is incorrect as family history is a known risk factor for stroke, and it is essential to address this risk factor and educate the patient on how it may impact her health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reduced anxiety. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps calm the brain, reducing anxiety. By potentiating GABA's action, the medication would enhance its calming effect, leading to reduced anxiety. Improved memory (B), more organized thinking (C), and fewer sensory perceptual alterations (D) are unlikely because GABA primarily influences anxiety and relaxation, not memory, cognitive organization, or sensory perception.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, fluoxetine (Prozac), because it is an antidepressant commonly used to treat major depression. The nurse should provide teaching about its dosage, side effects, and potential interactions. Chlordiazepoxide (A) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, not depression. Clozapine (C) is an antipsychotic used for schizophrenia, not depression. Tacrine (D) is used for Alzheimer's disease, not depression. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect for teaching a patient hospitalized for major depression.