In the 2 months after his wife's death, Aaron, aged 90 and in good health, has begun to pay less attention to his hygiene and seems less alert to his surroundings. He complains of difficulty concentrating and sleeping and reports that he lacks energy. His family sometimes has to remind and encourage him to shower, take his medications, and eat, all of which he then does. Which response is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Aaron's symptoms of decreased hygiene, alertness, concentration, sleep difficulties, and lack of energy are indicative of depression rather than dementia. By arranging an appointment with a therapist for evaluation and treatment of suspected depression, Aaron can receive proper care and support. Choice A is incorrect as reorienting Mr. Smith by pointing out the day and date may not address the underlying issue of depression. Choice B is incorrect as there is no mention of dementia symptoms and assuming stage 2 dementia without proper evaluation is premature. Choice C is incorrect as avoiding touch and proximity may exacerbate feelings of isolation and worsen his condition without addressing the root cause of his symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Recovery is a nonlinear process based on instilling hope." This answer demonstrates a deep understanding of the recovery process as it acknowledges that recovery is not a straightforward path and emphasizes the importance of instilling hope in individuals undergoing recovery. Recovery from mental illness or substance use is a complex and individualized journey that may involve setbacks and progress. Instilling hope is crucial in motivating individuals to continue working towards their recovery goals. Choice A is incorrect because it presents a pessimistic view that the majority of people do not recover, which is not aligned with the recovery-oriented approach. Choice B is incorrect as it implies that the healthcare team solely dictates the recovery process, disregarding the individual's autonomy and empowerment. Choice D is incorrect as it overlooks the collaborative nature of the recovery process and places the responsibility solely on the client.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because withdrawing and pouting about the problem indicates a passive-aggressive behavior associated with anger suppression. This response suggests that the patient avoids direct confrontation and attempts to mask their anger by withdrawing and internalizing their emotions. A: "I've been known to fly off the handle when I'm angry." - This response indicates explosive anger expression, not suppression. C: "I usually approach the person directly to talk about it." - This response suggests open communication, not suppression. D: "I try to discuss how I'm feeling about it with a close friend." - This response implies seeking support and emotional expression, not suppression.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Asking 'why' questions. This technique is not considered therapeutic in therapeutic communication because it can come off as confrontational or judgmental, potentially making the patient defensive. Instead, therapeutic communication aims to create a safe and supportive environment for the patient to express their thoughts and feelings openly. Restating, encouraging description of perception, and summarizing are all considered therapeutic techniques as they demonstrate active listening, empathy, and understanding, which help build trust and rapport with the patient. Asking open-ended questions that explore the patient's feelings and experiences without implying judgment or blame is more effective in facilitating meaningful discussions and promoting patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, a community program for substance use, as it offers specialized support for individuals struggling with alcohol addiction. These programs provide counseling, therapy, and resources tailored to address addiction issues. State hospitalization (A) is not appropriate for Mrs. Rodriguez unless she is in immediate danger. Family support groups (B) may not address Mrs. Rodriguez's specific needs. Narcotics Anonymous (D) is geared towards drug addiction, not alcohol addiction. In summary, choice C is the best option for Mrs. Rodriguez as it offers comprehensive support and resources specifically for alcohol addiction.