In teaching a pregnant adolescent about nutrition, what should the nurse include in the care plan?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: The correct answer is A because it addresses the specific nutritional needs of a pregnant adolescent by considering her growth and weight gain requirements. It is essential to determine the appropriate weight gain based on the adolescent's pre-pregnancy weight and BMI to ensure a healthy pregnancy. Adding a standard amount (usually around 35 lb) on top of the recommended weight gain for adolescents accounts for the additional needs of the growing fetus. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: This choice focuses on avoiding fast food restaurants but does not address the specific nutritional needs of a pregnant adolescent. C: Assuming that most adolescents are unwilling to make dietary changes is a generalization and does not provide tailored guidance for the individual's needs. D: While emphasizing the need to eliminate unhealthy snacks is important, it does not address the overall nutritional requirements and weight gain needed for a pregnant adolescent.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because breastfeeding requires additional calories and nutrients to support the mother's milk production and maintain her own health. Breastfeeding burns extra calories, so the mother needs to consume more to meet her body's needs. Additionally, breastfeeding mothers need to ensure they are getting enough nutrients like calcium, iron, and protein to support their own health and the production of nutritious breast milk for their baby. Choice A is incorrect because the patient is in her first trimester of pregnancy, not breastfeeding. Choice B is incorrect because bottle feeding does not require as many additional calories and nutrients as breastfeeding. Choice C is incorrect because although the patient had a cesarean birth, the method of feeding (bottle feeding) does not require as much additional nutrition as breastfeeding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is (A) because losing 30 lb in the 6-week postpartum period is concerning as it is excessive and may indicate underlying health issues like hyperthyroidism or inadequate nutrition. This rapid weight loss can also affect the mother's energy levels, milk production, and overall health. Choice (B) is incorrect as eating healthy and limiting processed foods is a positive behavior that supports weight management. Choice (C) is also incorrect as increased consumption of fruits and vegetables is beneficial for overall health. Choice (D) is incorrect because resuming a light exercise routine like walking is generally encouraged postpartum, as long as it is done safely and does not lead to excessive strain.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Low-birth-weight infant. Inadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of delivering a low-birth-weight infant due to insufficient fetal growth and development. When a mother does not gain enough weight during pregnancy, it can result in the baby being born smaller than expected, which can lead to various health issues. Prolonged labor (choice A) is not directly linked to inadequate weight gain. Preeclampsia (choice B) and gestational diabetes (choice C) are more commonly associated with excessive weight gain or other factors. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it directly correlates with inadequate maternal weight gain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: The patient has been taking an additional 400 mcg of folic acid prior to pregnancy. Step 2: Folic acid is crucial in the early stages of pregnancy for neural tube development. Step 3: By 8 weeks' gestation, the neural tube has already formed. Step 4: Prenatal vitamins typically contain the recommended amount of folic acid. Step 5: Therefore, the nurse would recommend the patient to stop taking additional folic acid as it's included in prenatal vitamins.