Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because starting birth control pills does not protect against HIV transmission to the baby during pregnancy. The other choices demonstrate understanding of HIV transmission risks and prevention methods. A shows awareness of vertical transmission, C recognizes that not all babies born to HIV-positive mothers are infected, and D acknowledges the potential need for a C-section to reduce transmission risk. Starting birth control pills is unrelated to preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, a behavior change. Urinary retention in older adults with a neurologic deficit can manifest as a behavior change, such as increased agitation, confusion, or restlessness due to discomfort from the inability to empty the bladder. Amnesia (A) is memory loss and not directly related to urinary retention. Hypertension (B) and hypotension (C) are related to blood pressure regulation and are not specific signs of urinary retention. In contrast, a behavior change (D) is a common and characteristic sign indicating urinary retention in this population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C being correct: 1. Restlessness: Indicates increased work of breathing and hypoxia. 2. Suprasternal retractions: Sign of respiratory distress. 3. paO2 of 62: Indicates severe hypoxemia, common in ARDS. Summary: A: Enlarged heart on x-ray does not directly indicate ARDS. B: Thick green sputum suggests infection, not specific to ARDS. D: Wheezes and slow respirations are not typical of ARDS, and pCO2 is normal in ARDS.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because shampooing the hair thoroughly helps remove oil and dirt, which can interfere with the CT scan results. By having clean hair, the scan can produce clearer images. Choice B is incorrect because some preparation is needed for a CT scan, especially regarding cleanliness. Choice C is incorrect as giving a cleansing enema and fluids until 8 AM is not necessary for a CT scan of the head. Choice D is incorrect as shaving the scalp and attaching electrodes are not part of routine preparation for a CT scan.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Observe for muscle twitching and numbness or tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes. After a thyroidectomy, the parathyroid glands may be inadvertently damaged, leading to hypocalcemia. Muscle twitching and numbness/tingling are early signs of hypocalcemia. The nurse should monitor for these symptoms to detect and address hypocalcemia promptly. Choice A is incorrect as monitoring thyroid-stimulating hormone levels is not related to hypocalcemia. Choice B is incorrect as it describes signs of potential complications like bleeding or airway obstruction, not hypocalcemia. Choice C is incorrect as changes in voice quality and gastric issues are not specific to hypocalcemia.