ATI RN
Hematology Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
In severe liver disease with prolongation of the bleeding time, the best effective treatment before doing liver biopsy is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: FFP (D) corrects multiple factor deficiencies and thrombocytopenia in severe liver disease before biopsy, more effective than vitamin K (A, B, C, slow) or DDAVP (E, for platelet dysfunction only).
Question 2 of 5
A previously healthy 10-month-old boy develops pallor over 2 weeks. Examination is unremarkable except for pallor. Lab tests includes: hemoglobin, 4.9 g/dL; WBC, 6700/mm3; platelets count, 180000/mm3; MCV, 79 fL; reticulocyte count 0.8%; hemoglobin electrophoresis, normal. Of the following, the MOST likely cause for these findings is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Severe anemia (Hb 4.9 g/dL), low reticulocytes (0.8%), and normal MCV at 10 months suggest TEC (B), a common self-limiting condition. Pure red cell aplasia (A) is rarer, thalassemia (C) is microcytic, aplastic anemia (D) affects all lines, and parvovirus (E) typically affects hemolytic states.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following drugs is least likely to cause thrombocytopenia in children?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenytoin (B) rarely causes thrombocytopenia, unlike valproic acid (A), sulfonamides (C), TMP-SMX (D), and heparin (E), which are well-known culprits.
Question 4 of 5
You are explaining the risk of sepsis after splenectomy to medical students. An important statement that should be included during this discussion is that risk is especially high in children
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sepsis risk post-splenectomy is highest in chronic ITP (C) due to underlying immune dysfunction, more than age (A), HS (B), trauma (D), or Hodgkin (E), though all carry risk.
Question 5 of 5
A 5-year-old child has multiple bruises on her extremities and oral mucosal bleeding of 3 days duration; she had a mild respiratory tract infection 2 weeks before; physical examination was normal apart from multiple ecchymoses and petechiae. Of the following, the NEXT diagnostic step is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-viral bruising and mucosal bleeding suggest ITP. CBC (A) confirms thrombocytopenia, the next step before PT (B), BT (C), PTT (D), or ANA (E), which assess other causes.