ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
In relation to amphetamine, all are true EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because acidification of urine actually increases the excretion of amphetamine. Step 1: Amphetamine is an indirect acting sympathomimetic, which means it stimulates the release of norepinephrine. Step 2: It has prominent CNS action by increasing the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to effects like increased alertness and euphoria. Step 3: Chronic use of amphetamine can indeed lead to addiction due to its reinforcing properties and impact on the brain's reward system. Therefore, D is incorrect as acidification of urine does not decrease amphetamine excretion; instead, it can enhance excretion by increasing its solubility in urine.
Question 2 of 5
Terbutaline specifically stimulates:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Terbutaline specifically stimulates Beta2 receptors. This leads to bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscles in the airways. Beta2 receptors are predominantly found in the lungs. Option A and B are incorrect as terbutaline does not target Alpha receptors. Option C is incorrect as terbutaline does not primarily stimulate Beta1 receptors, which are mainly found in the heart.
Question 3 of 5
Which one of the following is a cardio selective β1-blocker:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metoprolol. Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1 blocker, meaning it primarily blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart, leading to a decrease in heart rate and contractility. This selectivity reduces the risk of bronchoconstriction compared to non-selective beta blockers like Timolol (Choice A), Nadolol (Choice C), and Sotalol (Choice D), which can also block beta-2 receptors in the lungs, potentially causing respiratory issues in patients with asthma or COPD. Therefore, Metoprolol is the best choice for patients with cardiovascular conditions who also have respiratory concerns.
Question 4 of 5
Albuterol causes selective activation of β2 adrenergic receptors when administered in 'low doses,' mainly by inhalation. If very large doses of albuterol were given, or if the drug is administered intravenously, the effects caused by albuterol would look quite different and would resemble those of which one of the following drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Albuterol selectively activates β2 adrenergic receptors in low doses. Step 2: Isoprenaline is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist. Step 3: Very large doses of albuterol or IV administration would lead to non-selective activation of beta receptors. Step 4: Isoprenaline also activates both β1 and β2 receptors, causing a broad range of effects. Step 5: Therefore, the effects of high-dose albuterol would resemble those of Isoprenaline, making B the correct answer. Summary: Choice A (Epinephrine) is incorrect because epinephrine primarily acts on both α and β adrenergic receptors, not just β2. Choice C (Norepinephrine) is incorrect as it mainly acts on α adrenergic receptors, not β. Choice D (Phenylephrine) is incorrect because it is a
Question 5 of 5
Which row shows the correct labels on the diagram of a leaf section?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the cuticle is the waxy layer on the leaf surface, palisade mesophyll is the layer of elongated cells where photosynthesis occurs, and stoma is the opening for gas exchange. Epidermis is the outer layer, not the cuticle. Spongy mesophyll is below palisade mesophyll, not above it. Guard cells surround stomata, not spongy mesophyll.