In providing health teaching to the famil, Nurse Emma would include in her teachings the etioology of Scabies which is __________.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Scabies is caused by an infestation of the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This parasitic mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin, where it lays eggs and causes intense itching and skin irritation. The transmission of scabies usually occurs through close and prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person. Unlike viruses, bacteria, and fungi, which are microorganisms that can also cause skin infections, scabies specifically refers to an infestation by a parasitic mite.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: X-ray is the most appropriate imaging modality for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. It can show joint space narrowing, erosions, soft tissue swelling, and periarticular osteopenia. X-rays are readily available, cost-effective, and provide valuable information about joint damage and disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis. In this case, X-ray would be able to confirm the presence of erosions, joint deformities, and assess the severity of the disease in the wrist joint. While MRI and ultrasound can also be helpful in evaluating rheumatoid arthritis, X-ray remains the initial imaging modality of choice due to its convenience and ability to assess bony changes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is not indicated for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Total patient care model of nursing is focused on the task-oriented approach to client care. In this model, the nurse is responsible for all aspects of care for a group of patients during their shift. It involves providing direct care, coordinating with other healthcare team members, and overseeing the patients' overall well-being. This approach emphasizes a comprehensive and holistic view of the patient's needs, where the nurse is actively involved in all aspects of care delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best approach for the nurse in this situation is to listen actively to the patient's religious beliefs, respect their autonomy, and explore alternative treatment options. It is important for the nurse to understand and acknowledge the patient's perspective, even if it conflicts with the recommended treatment plan. By showing respect for the patient's beliefs and involving them in the decision-making process, the nurse can work collaboratively with the patient to find a solution that aligns with their religious beliefs while also addressing their medical needs. This approach promotes patient-centered care and helps build a trusting and therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse recommends regular monitoring of the patient's blood cholesterol levels to prevent complications from their heart disease. High levels of cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart problems such as heart attacks and strokes. Monitoring cholesterol levels allows healthcare providers to assess the patient's risk and make appropriate recommendations for managing their heart disease. Regular monitoring can help track the effectiveness of lifestyle changes or medications in lowering cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of recurrent fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, and positive heterophile antibody test (Monospot test) is highly indicative of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a member of the herpesvirus family and is a common cause of infectious mononucleosis. The atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral blood smear are reactive T lymphocytes responding to the EBV infection. The Monospot test detects heterophile antibodies produced in response to EBV infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Signs such as using tissues to doorknobs suggest that the patient is unconsciously controlling unacceptable impulses or feelings. This behavior falls under the category of defense mechanisms, specifically displacement, where the individual redirects their emotions from a threatening target to a safer one. In this case, the patient may be experiencing anxiety or fear related to contamination or germs, leading them to use tissues to avoid touching doorknobs directly. It is a way for the patient to manage their underlying emotions, albeit unconsciously, through this compulsive behavior.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Osteoporosis is known as a "silent disease" because it develops slowly over time without any symptoms. Many people with osteoporosis are unaware of their condition until they experience a fracture. The loss of bone density and strength in osteoporosis occurs without any obvious warning signs, making it important for individuals at risk to undergo bone density testing to identify the condition early and prevent further bone loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bleeding is the most serious complication of Dengue infection, typically occurring between the 4th to 7th day after the onset of symptoms. This is known as the critical phase of Dengue fever, where the patient is at a higher risk of developing severe symptoms such as bleeding manifestations. Monitoring for symptoms of bleeding during this period is crucial for timely intervention and proper management to prevent further complications or fatalities. While bleeding can occur outside this timeframe in some cases, the 4th to 7th day window is when the risk is highest and vigilance is most needed.