In pica disorder, which statement is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pica disorder, the most appropriate statement is option A) It is related to eating clay. This is because pica is characterized by the persistent consumption of non-nutritive, non-food substances such as clay, dirt, paper, or chalk. This behavior is commonly seen in children, pregnant women, and individuals with developmental disabilities. Eating clay is a common manifestation of pica, and it is essential to recognize this association for appropriate diagnosis and management. Option B) It is present in children below 2 years is incorrect because pica can occur in individuals of any age, although it is more commonly observed in children. Pica is not limited to children below 2 years and can persist into adulthood if not addressed. Option C) It resulted in high fatalities is incorrect as pica itself does not typically lead to high fatalities. However, there can be serious health consequences associated with pica depending on the ingested substance, such as gastrointestinal blockages or toxicity. Option D) It need not be related to other disorders is incorrect because pica can be associated with other medical or psychological conditions, such as iron deficiency anemia, autism spectrum disorder, or intellectual disabilities. It is essential to consider underlying causes and comorbid conditions when assessing and treating pica. In an educational context, understanding pica disorder is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of pica, differentiating it from normal exploratory behaviors in children, and implementing appropriate interventions are vital for promoting the health and well-being of individuals affected by this disorder. Education on pica can help healthcare professionals provide effective care and support to patients and families dealing with this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Pediatrician concern. In pediatric nursing, it is important to understand the key indicators of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to provide early intervention and support. A pediatrician's concern should always raise suspicion as they are trained to recognize developmental milestones and potential signs of ASD in children. Sibling with ASD (option A) can raise suspicion as there is a genetic component to ASD, increasing the risk for siblings. Playmate or parental concerns (options B and C) can also be valid indicators, but they may not have the same level of expertise and training as a pediatrician when it comes to identifying developmental concerns. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of collaboration between healthcare professionals, families, and caregivers in identifying and supporting children with ASD. It emphasizes the role of pediatricians in early detection and intervention, underscoring the significance of a multidisciplinary approach in pediatric care. By understanding these nuances, pediatric nurses can better advocate for children with ASD and support their families effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rumination is the regurgitation and rechewing of food that occurs after a period of normal digestion. The correct answer, option A, is false because rumination is not only seen in infants and individuals with intellectual disability. It can also occur in children and adults without intellectual disabilities. Option B, stating that rumination runs an episodic course, is incorrect because rumination is typically a chronic condition that can persist if not addressed. Option C, suggesting that rumination results from neglect, is also incorrect. Rumination is a complex behavior with various potential causes, including psychological factors, and is not solely attributed to neglect. Option D, indicating that rumination in infancy can resolve spontaneously, is partially correct. While some cases of infant rumination may resolve spontaneously, persistent rumination may require intervention. It's important for pediatric nurses to be aware of rumination as it may indicate underlying issues that need to be addressed, such as feeding difficulties, stress, or developmental concerns. Early identification and intervention can help prevent long-term complications and improve the child's well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding breath-holding spells is crucial for providing effective care to children. The correct answer, option C, "expression of frustration or anger," is the best statement because breath-holding spells are typically triggered by emotional stimuli rather than medical conditions. Children experiencing frustration or anger may involuntarily hold their breath, leading to cyanosis and loss of consciousness. Option A, "manifestation of iron deficiency anemia," is incorrect because breath-holding spells are not directly linked to anemia but rather to emotional triggers. Option B, "type of seizure," is also incorrect as breath-holding spells do not involve abnormal electrical activity in the brain characteristic of seizures. Option D, "problem manifest when the child becomes older," is incorrect as breath-holding spells typically occur in young children, usually between 6 months to 6 years of age. Educationally, it is important to differentiate breath-holding spells from other medical conditions to provide appropriate care and support. By understanding the triggers and nature of breath-holding spells, nurses can effectively educate parents on how to manage and prevent these episodes, thus ensuring the well-being of the child. It is essential for healthcare professionals to have a comprehensive understanding of pediatric conditions to deliver safe and quality care to pediatric patients and their families.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In understanding the rationale behind the correct answer and why the other options are incorrect in the context of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), it is crucial to delve into the core characteristics of ASD. Option A states that there are 3 grades of severity in ASD, which is a recognized aspect of the disorder. ASD is indeed characterized by a spectrum of symptoms and severity levels, ranging from mild to severe. Option B mentions superior intellectual functioning in select areas, which is also a common feature seen in individuals with ASD. While they may struggle with certain social and communication skills, some individuals with ASD exhibit exceptional abilities in specific areas like mathematics or music. Option C, motor deficits, can also be present in individuals with ASD. Motor coordination challenges are often observed in children with ASD, impacting their motor skills and physical movements. The correct answer, D, truancy, is not a recognized characteristic of ASD. Truancy refers to an unexcused absence from school, which is not a defining feature of ASD. Children with ASD may have difficulties with attending school regularly due to various reasons, but truancy implies a deliberate act of skipping school without a valid reason, which is not a symptom of ASD. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, to have a comprehensive understanding of the core features of ASD to provide effective care and support for children with this condition. Recognizing the key characteristics and differentiating them from unrelated behaviors or issues is crucial in promoting the well-being and development of individuals with ASD.