In outbreak terminology a vehicle is defined as:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In outbreak terminology, a vehicle is a non-living intermediary (e.g., contaminated food or water) that transmits pathogens, distinct from living vectors like ticks (B), reservoirs (C), or transport-related spread (D).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A line list records detailed information (e.g., demographics, symptoms) for all patients meeting the case definition, aiding analysis, unlike tracking staff (A), movements (C), or specimens (D) alone.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Giving care with a focus on the aggregate's needs. Community health nursing emphasizes population-based care, addressing the health needs of entire communities rather than individual clients. This approach involves assessing and addressing the health concerns, risks, and resources of the community as a whole. By targeting the aggregate, interventions can have a broader impact on improving health outcomes for the entire population. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses on the needs of a specific group within the community, rather than the community as a whole. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains to individual client care, which is more aligned with traditional nursing practice. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests a personalized approach to care, rather than the population-based focus of community health nursing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, improved sanitation and other public health activities. This is because advancements in public health measures, such as clean water supply, waste disposal, and vaccination programs, have played a crucial role in reducing infectious diseases and improving overall population health. In contrast, options A and B focus on medical interventions rather than public health initiatives. Option D, increased use of antibiotics, is also important but alone cannot account for the significant increase in life expectancy since the early 1900s.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Health status indicators. This is because health status indicators, such as life expectancy, mortality rates, and disease incidence, provide quantitative measures of the overall health of a population. These indicators are used to assess the effectiveness of healthcare interventions, identify health disparities, and prioritize public health initiatives. Choice B, levels of prevention, refers to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies and is not a direct measurement of population health. Choice C, the number of memberships at a fitness center, is not a comprehensive or standardized measure of population health. Choice D, reported provincial alcohol and tobacco sales, may provide insights into specific health behaviors but do not represent overall population health status.