In order to increase the proportion of noninstitutionalized adults who are vaccinated annually against influenza, a nurse practitioner has established a mobile clinic. What part of the nursing process is fulfilled by delivering immunization services?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Intervention. The nurse practitioner is delivering immunization services through the mobile clinic to increase vaccination rates. This falls under the intervention phase of the nursing process, where actions are taken to achieve the desired outcomes. Goal setting (A) involves establishing specific objectives, planning (B) involves developing a strategy to achieve those goals, and evaluation (D) involves assessing the effectiveness of the interventions. In this scenario, the nurse practitioner is actively providing the immunizations, which aligns with the intervention phase of the nursing process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. In this scenario, the CHN is focusing on preventing a disaster from occurring by participating in the development of a disaster management plan. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a health problem before it happens. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, while tertiary prevention involves managing the consequences of a health problem. Choice B, secondary prevention, would involve actions taken after a disaster has occurred to prevent further harm. Choice C, tertiary prevention, would involve actions taken to minimize the impact of a disaster that has already happened. Choice D is incorrect because the CHN's involvement in developing a disaster management plan specifically aligns with primary prevention efforts.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Improved sanitation and other public health activities. This is because advancements in public health practices such as improved sanitation, clean water supply, disease control measures, and vaccination programs have had a significant impact on reducing the spread of infectious diseases and improving overall population health. This primary explanation for the increase in life expectancy is supported by historical data showing that improvements in public health measures have led to a significant decline in mortality rates due to preventable diseases. Choice A (An increase in findings from medical laboratory research) is incorrect as while medical research has contributed to advancements in treatments and understanding of diseases, it is not the primary reason for the notable increase in life expectancy. Choice B (Incredible advances in surgical techniques and procedures) is not the primary explanation as surgical advancements primarily impact specific health conditions and are not as widespread in their impact on overall population health and life expectancy. Choice D (Increased use of antibiotics to fight infections) is also not the primary explanation as antibiotics have played a role

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessible transit choices aligns with the advocate role of a community health nurse. Advocacy involves promoting and supporting policies that benefit communities. Organizing home care (choice A) is more aligned with the caregiver role. Prenatal assessments (choice C) and facilitating a self-help group for smoking cessation (choice D) are more focused on direct patient care rather than advocating for broader community needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because starting a rehabilitation clinic for middle-aged adults residing in low-income housing represents secondary prevention. This service aims to detect and treat health issues early to prevent the progression of diseases. It focuses on individuals who already have risk factors or early signs of a disease. Administering the influenza vaccine (A) is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the initial occurrence of a disease. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program (B) falls under primary prevention as well, aiming to prevent injuries. Setting up a support group for teenage mothers (D) is more of a tertiary prevention approach, focusing on managing and improving outcomes for individuals already affected by a condition.