ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
In microcytic hypochromic anaemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In microcytic hypochromic anemia, the correct answer is D because red cells are smaller (microcytic) and have a pale large central pallor (hypochromic). This is due to decreased hemoglobin content and iron deficiency. Choice A is incorrect as red cells are smaller, not larger. Choice B is incorrect as the red blood cell count is typically decreased in this type of anemia. Choice C is incorrect as both hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin are decreased in microcytic hypochromic anemia, not normal. Therefore, the correct answer is D based on the characteristic features of microcytic hypochromic anemia.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with a bleeding disorder is prescribed an infusion of plasma. What should the nurse explain as being the purpose of this infusion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Contains clotting factors. Plasma is the liquid component of blood that contains essential clotting factors necessary for blood coagulation. This infusion helps replenish clotting factors in patients with bleeding disorders, aiding in the formation of blood clots to stop bleeding. Choice B is incorrect as plasma does not carry oxygen; that is the role of red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as plasma does not directly support cellular metabolism; that is the role of nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as plasma does not remove waste products; that is the role of the kidneys and liver.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who is taking warfarin (Coumadin) 5 mg daily has an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5. It is time to administer the next dose of Coumadin. What should the nurse do?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Administer the daily Coumadin as ordered. A therapeutic INR range for patients on warfarin is typically between 2-3. A patient with an INR of 2.5 is within this range, indicating that their blood is adequately anticoagulated. Therefore, the next dose of Coumadin should be administered as prescribed to maintain the therapeutic effect. Holding the dose (B) may lead to subtherapeutic anticoagulation, and notifying the physician (A) is not necessary as the INR is within range. Administering vitamin K (C) is indicated for patients with a high INR and signs of bleeding, which is not the case here.
Question 4 of 5
A patient receiving blood complains of dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's lungs and finds crackles that were not present before the start of the transfusion. Which type of reaction should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Circulatory overload. This type of reaction occurs when the patient receives blood too quickly, leading to fluid overload in the circulatory system. The dyspnea and crackles are indicative of pulmonary edema, a common symptom of circulatory overload. Urticarial reaction (choice A) presents with hives, not dyspnea. Hemolytic reaction (choice B) involves the destruction of red blood cells, not fluid overload. Anaphylactic reaction (choice C) is a severe allergic reaction that includes symptoms like hives, swelling, and hypotension, but not typically pulmonary edema.
Question 5 of 5
A patient reports severe abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Assessment reveals a temperature of 102°F (38.8°C) and pulse of 82 beats/min. Results of a complete blood count reveal lower than normal segmented and banded neutrophils and higher than normal lymphocytes. Which type of infection does the nurse suspect this patient is most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Viral. The patient's symptoms (abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever) are consistent with a viral infection, such as gastroenteritis. The lower segmented and banded neutrophils indicate a viral infection, as viruses often target lymphocytes. The higher lymphocyte count is a characteristic response to viral infections. Other choices are incorrect as fungal, parasitic, and bacterial infections typically present with different symptoms and laboratory findings.