ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
In meningitis, the characteristic sign of increased intracranial pressure with brain herniation is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bradycardia with hypertension (E, Cushing’s triad) signals herniation in meningitis, more specific than vomiting (A), headache (B), papilledema (C), or fontanelle bulging (D, infants only).
Question 2 of 5
Regarding paranasal sinuses, all the following are true EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ethmoid (A), sphenoid (B), and frontal (C, E) development aligns with norms. Maxillary sinuses are pneumatized at birth, not 2 years (D), per anatomy.
Question 3 of 5
A 7-year-old boy presented with earache and aural discharge mainly in left side, he recently was diving in swimming pool; on examination he is afebrile with tenderness on movement of the pinna. Of the following, the MOST likely cause of this condition is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C) is the most common cause of otitis externa in swimmers, per infectious disease data.
Question 4 of 5
Of the following, the LEAST frequent cause of bronchiolitis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (C) rarely causes bronchiolitis, unlike viral agents (A, B, D, E), per pediatric respiratory data.
Question 5 of 5
In high-risk patients, to prevent infective endocarditis, prophylactic antibiotics are required before and during all dental procedures and invasive procedures of the respiratory tract, infected skin, or muscle. Of the following, the MOST appropriate antibiotic is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amoxicillin (A) is the standard prophylaxis for endocarditis in high-risk patients, per AHA guidelines.