ATI RN
Pediatric Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia results when insulin secretion becomes inadequate to enhance peripheral glucose uptake and to suppress hepatic and renal glucose production. Of the following, the sign of more complete insulin deficiency is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ketogenesis indicates severe insulin deficiency, as it reflects uncontrolled lipolysis and ketone production, more advanced than hyperglycemia (A, B) or glycosuria (D). Metabolic acidosis (E) follows ketogenesis but is a consequence, not the primary sign.
Question 2 of 5
You are discussing short stature (SS) with medical students. You mention that congenital growth hormone deficiency is one of common causes of SS. An important statement that should be included with your discussion is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital GH deficiency typically presents with normal birth size (length and weight) as GH’s role emerges postnatally, with growth failure appearing later. Other options (B, C, D, E) are incorrect or less characteristic.
Question 3 of 5
Thyroid disorders consist of a variety of diseases that require different treatment according to the cause. Of the following, the thyroid disorder that does not require treatment is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency affects binding protein levels but not thyroid function, requiring no treatment, unlike hypothyroidism (A), cretinism (B), thyroiditis (C), or hyperthyroidism (D), which impair gland function.
Question 4 of 5
Rickets is defined as decreased bone mineralization in growing children. Hypocalcemia may accompany rickets. Of the following, the condition that causes hypocalcemia rather than rickets is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia without defective bone mineralization (rickets), unlike vitamin D deficiency (A), biliary atresia (B), renal failure (D), and hypophosphatemia (E), which impair mineralization.
Question 5 of 5
An ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenoma resulting in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is termed Cushing disease; this should be distinguished from Cushing syndrome due to various causes. Of the following, the BEST test that helps to differentiate between Cushing disease and Cushing syndrome is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children with stage 5 CKD (ESRD) are typically treated with either dialysis or renal transplantation. A 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion helps identify excess cortisol production, a key step in differentiating Cushing disease (pituitary-driven) from other Cushing syndrome causes, though high-dose dexamethasone (C) is often used later for confirmation.