In hyperthyroidism, which of the following lab findings would you expect?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, leading to negative feedback on the pituitary gland, resulting in decreased TSH levels. Therefore, you would expect decreased TSH and increased T3, T4 levels. A is incorrect because TSH would be decreased, not increased. C is incorrect because TSH would be decreased in hyperthyroidism. D is incorrect because T3 and T4 would be increased in hyperthyroidism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: IGF. Increased growth of skeletal and soft tissue, along with other symptoms, suggest acromegaly due to excess growth hormone (GH) secretion. GH stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which mediates many of GH's effects. In acromegaly, elevated IGF levels contribute to the clinical manifestations. Option A (GH) is incorrect because GH levels may be high but not necessarily in response to oral glucose. Option C (GH and IGF) is incorrect as GH alone does not directly increase in response to oral glucose. Option D (ADH) is unrelated to the scenario described.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Plasma osmolality is primarily regulated by the concentration of solutes in the blood. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), plays a key role in regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus affecting plasma osmolality. When plasma osmolality increases, vasopressin is released to increase water reabsorption, leading to a decrease in plasma osmolality. Progesterone, cortisol, and aldosterone do not directly influence water reabsorption and therefore do not have as significant an impact on plasma osmolality as vasopressin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because steroid hormones bind to a receptor inside the target cell, are made from cholesterol, and cause the cell to make new proteins. This is known as the mechanism of steroid hormone action. Choice A is correct as steroid hormones need to bind to intracellular receptors to exert their effects. Choice B is also correct as steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. Choice C is correct as one of the main actions of steroid hormones is to regulate gene expression and induce the synthesis of new proteins within the cell. Therefore, all of these statements are true regarding steroid hormones, making choice D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: hyperthyroidism. Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure are classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism. This condition is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to an excess production of thyroid hormones. These hormones can cause an increase in metabolism, leading to symptoms such as nervousness, heat intolerance, and elevated heart rate. Diabetes mellitus (A) is not associated with increased body temperature or blood pressure. Hypoglycemia (B) is characterized by low blood sugar levels, leading to symptoms such as dizziness and confusion, not increased body temperature. Hypothyroidism (C) is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance, not increased body temperature or blood pressure.