In homo cystinuria:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In homo cystinuria, the correct answer is D) Dislocation of lens is a feature. This is because homo cystinuria is a genetic disorder that results in the abnormal accumulation of homocysteine in the body. One of the key clinical manifestations of this condition is the dislocation of the lens in the eye, known as ectopia lentis. This occurs due to the deposition of homocysteine in the ocular tissues, leading to structural changes that result in lens dislocation. Option A is incorrect because homocysteine accumulates systemically, not just proximal to the enzyme defect. Option B is incorrect as osteoporosis is not a recognized feature of homo cystinuria. Option C is incorrect as oral contraceptive pills with estrogens are not contraindicated specifically in homo cystinuria. Educationally, understanding the clinical manifestations of genetic disorders like homo cystinuria is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with cardiovascular disorders. Recognizing the signs and symptoms allows for early intervention and management to prevent complications such as lens dislocation. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the unique features of each disorder to provide holistic care to their patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular disorders, understanding the adverse effects of NSAIDs is crucial for safe medication administration. The correct answer, A) Acute renal dysfunction, is a well-documented adverse effect of NSAIDs, especially in vulnerable populations like children. NSAIDs can cause renal vasoconstriction, leading to decreased renal blood flow and potentially acute renal dysfunction. Option B) Renal papillary necrosis is also associated with NSAID use, but it is a more severe and less common adverse effect compared to acute renal dysfunction. It typically occurs with chronic, high-dose NSAID use rather than acute administration in pediatric patients. Option C) Fluid retention is not a common adverse effect of NSAIDs in the pediatric population. While NSAIDs can cause sodium and water retention in adults, it is less likely to be a significant concern in children, especially in the context of cardiovascular disorders. Option D) Hypokalemia is not a typical adverse effect of NSAIDs. While NSAIDs can affect renal function and electrolyte balance, hypokalemia is not a commonly reported consequence of NSAID use in pediatric patients with cardiovascular disorders. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of the potential adverse effects of NSAIDs, especially in the context of cardiovascular disorders where renal function and fluid balance are critical. Monitoring renal function, fluid status, and electrolyte levels is essential when administering NSAIDs to pediatric patients to prevent and detect adverse effects promptly. This knowledge ensures safe medication practices and optimal patient outcomes in pediatric nursing care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular disorders, understanding the features of constrictive pericarditis is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. The correct answer is C) Abdominal distension. In constrictive pericarditis, fibrotic scarring of the pericardium restricts the heart's ability to expand fully during diastole, leading to increased pressure in the heart and systemic venous congestion. This venous congestion can manifest as abdominal distension due to fluid accumulation in the abdomen, a key clinical feature of constrictive pericarditis. Option A) Increased fatiguability is a non-specific symptom that can be present in various conditions and lacks the specificity of abdominal distension for constrictive pericarditis. Option B) Precordial pain is more commonly associated with acute pericarditis rather than constrictive pericarditis, which presents more insidiously. Option D) Parasternal heave is typically associated with conditions causing right ventricular hypertrophy, such as pulmonary hypertension, rather than constrictive pericarditis. Educationally, understanding the distinct clinical features of constrictive pericarditis enhances nurses' ability to differentiate it from other cardiovascular conditions, leading to timely diagnosis and appropriate management. This knowledge ensures comprehensive care for pediatric patients with complex cardiovascular disorders, emphasizing the importance of accurate assessment and clinical reasoning in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular disorders, understanding developmental milestones is crucial for assessing a child's growth and overall health. The correct answer, option D - "Can move around holding onto furniture (cruising)," is indicative of a one-year-old child's gross motor skills development. At this age, children typically start cruising around furniture, which demonstrates their strength, balance, and coordination. Option A, "Holds a raisin with a finger and thumb," pertains to fine motor skills development, which are not typically expected in a one-year-old child. Option B, "Drinks with a straw," involves more advanced coordination and oral motor skills that a one-year-old may not have mastered yet. Option C, "Tells six words with meaning," relates to language development, which also typically emerges more prominently after the age of one. Educationally, understanding these developmental milestones helps nurses and healthcare providers assess a child's physical and cognitive growth, identify potential delays or issues early on, and provide appropriate interventions or referrals. By recognizing the expected milestones at each age, healthcare professionals can offer holistic care and support to pediatric patients and their families.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and pharmacology, understanding congenital rubella syndrome is crucial. The correct feature of congenital rubella syndrome is intrauterine growth retardation (Option A). This occurs because rubella virus can cross the placenta and affect fetal development, leading to growth issues. Hepatomegaly (Option B) is not a typical feature of congenital rubella syndrome. While liver abnormalities can occur in some cases, it is not a defining characteristic. Thrombocytopenia (Option C) refers to low platelet count and is not a common finding in congenital rubella syndrome. Polydactyly (Option D), the presence of extra fingers or toes, is not associated with rubella infection during pregnancy. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the specific characteristics of congenital rubella syndrome in pediatric patients. Understanding these features is essential for early detection, appropriate management, and providing holistic care to infants affected by this condition. By differentiating between the features of congenital rubella syndrome and other potential conditions, nurses can contribute to better outcomes for their patients.