In helping Mrs. Iris plan her diet, which of the following foods would the nurse help her to select?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In helping Mrs. Iris plan her diet, the nurse would help her select foods that are beneficial for her neurological health. Option A, Chicken, is the correct choice because it is a good source of lean protein, which is essential for maintaining and repairing nerve cells. Protein also helps in neurotransmitter function, which is crucial for proper neurological function. Option B, Milk, while being a good source of calcium and vitamin D, does not directly impact neurological health as significantly as lean protein does. Option C, Ice cream, is high in sugar and saturated fats, which can lead to inflammation and negatively impact neurological health over time. Option D, Cheese, is also high in saturated fats and may not be the best choice for Mrs. Iris's neurological health. In an educational context, understanding the role of nutrition in neurological health is crucial for nurses to help patients like Mrs. Iris make informed dietary choices that support their overall well-being. By choosing lean protein sources like chicken, individuals can better support their neurological function and overall health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Protein. Mrs. Rollo should be particularly alert and report to you when the multiple test stick shows a positive result for protein in her urine. This is because the presence of protein in the urine, known as proteinuria, can indicate potential kidney damage or dysfunction. It can be a sign of various underlying health conditions such as kidney disease, urinary tract infections, high blood pressure, diabetes, or other systemic diseases. Option A) Glucose is incorrect because the presence of glucose in the urine may indicate diabetes or high blood sugar levels, but it is not the most critical finding to report in this case. Option B) pH of 5 is not the most crucial abnormal finding to report; the pH of urine can vary depending on diet, hydration levels, and other factors. Option D) Ketones are another abnormal finding that may indicate conditions like uncontrolled diabetes or fasting, but protein in the urine is more concerning in this context. Educationally, it is important for individuals to understand the significance of monitoring their urine for abnormal findings like protein as it can serve as an early indicator of potential health issues, especially related to the kidneys. This knowledge empowers individuals to take proactive steps in seeking medical attention and managing their health effectively. Regular monitoring and reporting of abnormal results can lead to timely interventions and improved health outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Antinuclear antibody (ANA) in confirming the diagnosis for Mrs. Post. ANA is a crucial test in diagnosing autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which can present with neurological symptoms. ANA detects autoantibodies that target the cell nucleus, indicating an autoimmune response affecting multiple organs, including the nervous system. Option A) Sedimentation rate is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and does not provide information specific to neurological disorders. Option B) Rheumatoid factor is associated with rheumatoid arthritis, primarily affecting the joints, not commonly linked to neurological issues. Option C) LE cells are specific to lupus erythematosus, but not necessarily to neurological involvement. In an educational context, understanding the significance of specific laboratory tests in diagnosing neurological conditions is crucial for healthcare professionals. This question emphasizes the importance of ANA testing in the workup of patients with suspected autoimmune neurological disorders, guiding appropriate treatment and management strategies based on accurate diagnoses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Inability to take oral medications because of vomiting. This is the most critical symptom that requires immediate medical attention in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who is being discharged on prednisone and aspirin. Patients with SLE are often on immunosuppressive medications like prednisone to manage their condition. Vomiting can prevent proper absorption of these medications, leading to inadequate treatment and potential disease exacerbation. Therefore, the patient must contact their physician promptly to address this issue and ensure appropriate management. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) Missed menstrual period: While changes in menstrual periods can occur in patients with SLE, it is not an urgent symptom that necessitates immediate medical attention. C) Temperature elevated to 99.6°F: A mild elevation in temperature is not uncommon and may not be alarming, especially in the context of autoimmune diseases. It is not a critical symptom that requires immediate action. D) Ankle edema: Ankle edema can be a symptom of SLE, but it is not as urgent as the inability to take medications due to vomiting. It can be addressed at the next scheduled appointment or sooner if it worsens significantly. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing critical symptoms in patients with SLE and understanding the significance of adherence to medication regimens. It emphasizes the need for patients to communicate effectively with their healthcare providers to ensure optimal management of their condition and prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of a patient who has just undergone open carpal tunnel release surgery, keeping the hand and arm elevated above the level of the heart is crucial for reducing postoperative swelling. By elevating the extremity, gravity helps to facilitate venous return and prevent the accumulation of excess fluid in the surgical site, which can lead to edema and delayed healing. Option A, reducing lymphatic drainage, is incorrect because elevating the arm actually helps to improve lymphatic drainage by aiding in the movement of lymphatic fluid back towards the central circulation. Option C, restricting hand movements, is not the primary purpose of keeping the hand elevated postoperatively. While some restrictions on hand movements may be necessary to protect the surgical site, the main goal of elevation is to reduce swelling. Option D, decreasing the possibility of nosocomial infection, is not directly related to the rationale for keeping the hand elevated postoperatively. Infection prevention involves other strategies such as maintaining proper hand hygiene and aseptic techniques during wound care. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers to understand the rationale behind postoperative care instructions to ensure optimal patient outcomes. By grasping the reasons for specific interventions like elevation, healthcare professionals can provide better care and help patients recover more effectively.