In giving health instructions, the nurse should infrom the client about the risk fsctors associated with coronary artery disease. Which of the following controllable risk factors is closely linked to the development of MI?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: High cholesterol levels are closely linked to the development of myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack. Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood can lead to the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, causing atherosclerosis. This buildup can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle, potentially resulting in a heart attack. Managing and controlling cholesterol levels through lifestyle changes and medications can help reduce the risk of MI.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best procedure to follow if a child swallows something poisonous is to telephone the local poison control center. The experts at the poison control center can provide immediate guidance on how to handle the situation based on the specific substance ingested and the child's age and weight. They will advise whether it is necessary to bring the child to the emergency room, induce vomiting, or take other appropriate actions. Providing milk to drink to induce vomiting is not recommended as it can lead to further complications. Identifying the substance the child swallowed is important, but the first step should be to contact the poison control center for immediate assistance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nitroglycerin is commonly known to cause a side effect of throbbing headache. Nitroglycerin works by dilating blood vessels to improve blood flow to the heart, which can sometimes lead to headaches due to the sudden increase in blood flow. This headache is often described as throbbing and can be quite bothersome. It is important for patients taking nitroglycerin to be aware of this common side effect and to consult their healthcare provider if the headaches become severe or persistent.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Severe TOF typically presents with cyanosis, clubbing, right ventricular hypertrophy, and a systolic murmur. Cardiomegaly is not a common feature as the right ventricle is hypertrophied but not dilated.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when a newborn inhales (aspirates) a mixture of meconium (the baby's first stool) and amniotic fluid while in the uterus or during delivery. This can lead to respiratory distress and obstruction of the airways. The presence of meconium in the lungs can cause inflammation, airway obstruction, and in severe cases, can result in pneumonia or respiratory failure. Bowel obstruction with meconium (Choice C) does not directly cause meconium aspiration syndrome.