In fetal period, all are true EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the fetal period of development, various key milestones occur as the baby grows and matures in the womb. In this question, the correct answer is D) 26 weeks - face clearly recognizable. This is incorrect because by 26 weeks, the face is not yet fully developed to be clearly recognizable. While facial features are forming during this time, they are not yet distinct enough to be easily identifiable. Option A) 10 weeks - midgut returns to abdomen is correct as by 10 weeks, the midgut, which initially herniates into the umbilical cord, should have returned to the abdominal cavity. Option B) 12 weeks - external genitalia formed is correct as by 12 weeks, the external genitalia should have developed and can be visualized. Option C) 24 weeks - surfactant production begun is correct as surfactant production in the lungs typically begins around 24 weeks, playing a crucial role in lung maturation and function. Understanding the timeline of fetal development is essential for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. This knowledge helps in assessing developmental milestones, identifying potential issues, and providing appropriate care and support for both the child and their family.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) fine motor and symbolic thought. Building a tower by a 22-month-old child involves fine motor skills such as grasping, stacking, and manipulating objects. Additionally, it requires symbolic thought, as the child is using the blocks as symbols to represent a structure. Option A) visual-motor coordination is not the most critical aspect when building a tower with blocks. While visual-motor coordination is important for tasks like drawing or threading beads, it is not the primary skill at play in tower building. Option B) using objects and actions in combination is too broad and does not specifically address the fine motor skills and symbolic thought required for tower building. Option C) gross motor skills are related to larger movements of the body, such as walking or jumping. These skills are not as directly involved in the precise movements needed for building a tower with blocks. In an educational context, understanding the developmental milestones and skills required for tasks like building a tower can help educators assess a child's progress and provide appropriate support and guidance. By recognizing that tower building involves fine motor skills and symbolic thought, educators can create activities that specifically target these areas of development in young children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to apnea (cessation of breathing) or hypopnea (reduced airflow). The correct answer, option D, "2-30% O2 desaturation," is incompatible with the definition of OSA because significant oxygen desaturation, usually greater than 3-4%, is a hallmark feature of OSA, not a mild desaturation range of 2-30%. Option A, "episodes of prolonged upper airway obstruction," is compatible with OSA as this obstruction leads to breathing difficulties during sleep. Option B, "repeated apnea," is also compatible as OSA is characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea/hypopnea. Option C, "2-30% reduction in airflow," is also compatible as reduced airflow is a key feature of OSA contributing to breathing difficulties and hypoxia. In an educational context, understanding the defining characteristics of OSA is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those caring for pediatric patients who may be at risk for this condition. Recognizing the symptoms and diagnostic criteria for OSA can lead to timely intervention and management to improve the child's overall health and quality of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric Critical Care Registered Nursing (CCRN) practice, understanding the effects of medications like fentanyl is crucial for providing safe and effective care to critically ill children. The correct answer is D) Acidosis. Fentanyl use is not typically associated with causing acidosis in pediatric patients. Fentanyl is a potent opioid analgesic that primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to pain relief without significant effects on acid-base balance. A) Tachycardia is a possible side effect of fentanyl due to its potential to cause respiratory depression, leading to hypoxia and subsequent compensatory tachycardia. B) Hypotension is a common adverse effect of fentanyl use, as opioids can cause vasodilation and decreased systemic vascular resistance, resulting in low blood pressure. C) Nausea and vomiting are frequently reported side effects of opioid medications like fentanyl due to their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain. Educationally, nurses and healthcare providers need to be aware of the potential side effects and adverse reactions associated with fentanyl use in pediatric patients. By understanding the pharmacological properties of fentanyl, including its effects on various physiological systems, nurses can monitor patients closely, anticipate potential complications, and intervene promptly to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) She will think that because she can see his body, he must still be here. In this scenario, the child is at a developmental stage where they may struggle to understand abstract concepts like death and spirituality. The child's understanding is concrete and literal, so they may associate the presence of the body with the person still being alive. This is a common cognitive process in young children as they develop their understanding of complex ideas. Option A is incorrect because it reflects a more mature understanding of the separation between body and spirit, which is beyond the cognitive abilities of a 3-year-old. Option B is incorrect as it shows a lack of understanding of the concept of heaven. Option D is incorrect as it assumes the child has a grasp of the concept of not needing a body in heaven, which is not developmentally appropriate for a 3-year-old. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding child development when discussing sensitive topics like spirituality and death with young children. It underscores the need for age-appropriate language and explanations to support children's comprehension and emotional well-being during challenging times.