In evaluating the effect of nitroglycerin, Nurse Arthur should know that it reduces preload and relieves angina by:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that works by dilating veins, reducing venous return to the heart, and subsequently decreasing preload. By decreasing preload, nitroglycerin reduces the work the heart has to do, which helps relieve angina symptoms. A is incorrect because nitroglycerin does not increase contractility or slow heart rate. B is incorrect because nitroglycerin does not increase AV conduction or heart rate. C is incorrect because nitroglycerin does not decrease contractility or oxygen consumption. In summary, the key mechanism of action of nitroglycerin is reducing venous return through vasodilation, leading to decreased preload and relief of angina symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Placing the client on their side during an active seizure helps prevent aspiration in case of vomiting and ensures the airway remains clear. Removing dangerous objects and protecting the head also reduce the risk of injury. Holding down the client's arms (choice C) can lead to injury or restraint, while placing the client on their back (choices A and C) can increase the risk of aspiration. Therefore, choice D is the best option for promoting safety and minimizing harm during a seizure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because chronic lymphocytic leukemia is characterized by low platelet counts, not elevated thrombocyte counts. A: Predominance of lymphoblasts is incorrect because CLL involves mature lymphocytes, not lymphoblasts. B: Leukocytosis is incorrect because CLL typically presents with elevated lymphocyte counts. C: Abnormal blast cells in the bone marrow is incorrect as CLL is characterized by mature lymphocytes, not blast cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Manager. When a nurse assumes a position of authority within a formal organization, they are responsible for overseeing operations, resources, and staff to achieve organizational goals. As a manager, the nurse will be involved in decision-making, planning, organizing, and controlling activities within the organization. This role requires skills in delegation, problem-solving, and communication to effectively lead the team. Incorrect choices: B: Advocate - While advocacy is an important aspect of nursing, assuming a position of authority typically involves broader responsibilities beyond advocacy. C: Leader - Leadership qualities are essential for a nurse in a managerial position, but leadership alone does not encompass all the responsibilities of a manager. D: Teacher - Although teaching may be part of a nurse's role, assuming a position of authority within a formal organization usually entails managerial duties rather than solely focusing on teaching responsibilities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Down and back. Pulling the external ear down and back in a 5-year-old child straightens the ear canal, allowing for better visualization during otoscope inspection. This technique also helps prevent injury to the ear canal and eardrum. Pulling the ear up and front (choice A) can cause the ear canal to close off, obstructing the view. Pulling the ear down and front (choice C) may not provide adequate visualization and can also lead to injury. Pulling the ear up and back (choice D) can cause the ear canal to fold, making it difficult to see inside.