In diabetes insipidus, which of the following does the body either secrete insufficient amounts or fails to respond to?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus involves insufficient secretion or response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to excessive water loss, not insulin (diabetes mellitus) or other options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: After surgery, it is common for patients to experience post-operative edema, which is the swelling caused by excess fluid in the body's tissues. To reduce this swelling, a hypertonic solution would be used. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to the body's cells, which helps draw out the excess fluid from the tissues and into the bloodstream. This helps to decrease the edema and promote healing. Therefore, as a nurse, it would be expected to see a hypertonic solution being used for Nick to address his post-op edema.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Beans and chicken are the best foods for a hyperkalemic patient because they are low in potassium. Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood, so it is important for the patient to consume foods that are low in potassium to help regulate their potassium levels. Whole grain bread and pudding may contain higher levels of potassium, while low Na broth may not have a significant impact on potassium levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Calcium (Ca) needs vitamin D to be absorbed in the GI tract. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the absorption of calcium from the intestines into the bloodstream. Without sufficient levels of vitamin D, the body cannot effectively absorb calcium, leading to calcium deficiency. Therefore, it is important for a nurse to understand that calcium needs vitamin D for proper absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal failure is the most common cause of hypermagnesemia. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to properly filter and excrete magnesium, leading to its accumulation in the body. This can result in elevated levels of magnesium in the blood, causing hypermagnesemia.