ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine is obtained. If a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. A reliable 24-hour urine collection is the gold standard for determining GFR or creatinine clearance. 2. If not possible, a standardized formula like CKD-EPI equation can estimate GFR using serum creatinine. 3. This formula takes into account age, sex, race, and serum creatinine level. 4. Option A is incorrect as alternative methods like formulas can still estimate GFR. 5. Option B is incorrect because BUN does not directly correlate with GFR. 6. Option C is incorrect as BUN/creatinine ratio is not a direct measure of GFR.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is providing care for several patients who are at risk for
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the daily use of antacids can lead to metabolic alkalosis, which increases the risk for respiratory acidosis. Antacids can cause the body to retain bicarbonate, leading to an imbalance in the acid-base levels. This can result in hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis. Choices A and B are incorrect as they are not related to the question. Choice C is incorrect as anxiety disorder does not directly contribute to respiratory acidosis.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is admitting a 72-year-old patient from the health care provider's office to the medical/surgical unit. The patient was alert until recently and has
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the manifestations described in the answer choice are indicative of potential complications in the patient's health status. Elevated pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure suggest physiological stress. Distended neck veins may indicate fluid overload or heart failure. Pale, cool skin can imply poor perfusion. Weight loss could suggest malnutrition. Bilateral rhonchi indicate respiratory issues. Increased heart rate and weak, thready pulse may indicate inadequate cardiac output. Hyperactive bowel sounds could indicate gastrointestinal distress. Deep respirations may suggest metabolic acidosis. Pitting edema of lower extremities may indicate fluid retention or heart failure. Therefore, option B encompasses a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition, reflecting potential underlying issues that need to be addressed. Other choices do not provide a comprehensive assessment or do not address the patient's current health status.
Question 4 of 5
The charge nurse assigned the care of a patient with acute kidney failure and hypernatremia to a newly graduated RN. Which actions can the new RN delegate to the assistive personnel (AP)? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Assessing daily weights for trends can be delegated to assistive personnel (AP) as it involves a straightforward task of measuring and recording weights. Step 2: Providing oral care every 3 to 4 hours is a task that APs can handle as it does not require specialized nursing knowledge. Step 3: Monitoring for indications of dehydration can be delegated to APs as it involves observing and reporting visible signs and symptoms. Step 4: Helping the patient change position every 2 hours is a task that APs can perform to prevent pressure ulcers and promote circulation. Step 5: Recording urine output when the patient voids can be delegated to APs as it is a task that involves measuring and documenting output.
Question 5 of 5
On average, how much of the body is composed of water?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 60 percent. Water makes up about 60% of the human body, serving essential functions like regulating temperature, transporting nutrients, and removing waste. This percentage varies slightly based on factors like age and gender but generally remains around 60%. Choice A (10%) is too low; the body needs more water to function properly. Choice B (20%) is also too low, as it underestimates the significant role of water in the body. Choice C (40%) is closer but still underestimates the actual percentage of water in the body. Ultimately, D (60%) is the most accurate representation of the average water content in the human body.