ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a reliable 24-hour urine collection is essential for accurately determining GFR or creatinine clearance. Without a complete and accurate urine collection over 24 hours, the results will be inaccurate. Choice B is incorrect because alternative methods, such as estimating GFR using equations, can be used if a 24-hour urine collection is not possible. Choice C is incorrect because BUN is not a direct measure of GFR or creatinine clearance. Choice D is incorrect because an elevated BUN/creatinine ratio is not typically used to determine GFR or creatinine clearance.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis. The patient suddenly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because sudden changes in a patient's condition during peritoneal dialysis could indicate neurological issues like infection or intracranial bleeding. Evaluating the patient's neurological status will help identify any potential complications that require immediate intervention. Assessing peritoneal dialysate return (B) is important but not the priority in this situation. Checking blood sugar (C) is relevant for diabetic patients but not specifically indicated here. Choice A does not provide any specific action and lacks relevance to the situation.
Question 3 of 5
The patient is in the critical care unit and will receive dialysis this morning. The nurse will (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 1. Evaluating morning lab results is essential before dialysis to ensure patient safety. 2. Abnormal lab values can impact dialysis treatment and require immediate intervention. 3. Reporting abnormal results promptly allows for timely adjustments in the dialysis plan. 4. Administering antihypertensive meds, assessing dialysis access, and weighing the patient are not directly related to preparing for dialysis. 5. Administering antihypertensive meds without lab evaluation can be risky due to potential electrolyte imbalances.
Question 4 of 5
What is the importance of regulating ECF osmolarity?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. ECF osmolarity regulation prevents fluid shifts between cells and extracellular fluid. 2. Maintaining osmotic balance is crucial for cellular function and preventing cell damage. 3. Imbalances can lead to dehydration or edema. 4. Other choices are incorrect because: A. Blood pressure regulation involves various mechanisms beyond osmolarity. B. Urine concentration is regulated by the kidneys, not ECF osmolarity. C. Na+ balance primarily affects cell excitability, not ECF osmolarity.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, carbonic acid generated from metabolically produced CO2. This is because carbonic acid is a major source of hydrogen ions in the body through the dissociation of CO2 in the blood, contributing to the regulation of blood pH. Option A is incorrect as phosphoric and sulfuric acids from dietary proteins are not major contributors to hydrogen ions. Option B is incorrect as lactic acid production by muscles does not significantly impact overall body pH. Option C is incorrect as natural acids found in foods, such as citric acid, do not play a major role in hydrogen ion production within the body.