In determining the anatomy of the anterior urethral structure, all of the following investigations are useful except

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: MRI isn't useful for anterior urethral strictures poor resolution for narrow lumens, better for soft tissue. RGU/MCU visualizes stricture length/location contrast-based. Ultrasound detects narrowing/thickness non-invasive. Urethroscopy directly views definitive. MRI's lack of utility distinguishes it, critical for practical stricture assessment, unlike effective imaging or scoping.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) ablates tumors >50% size reduction isn't typical; necrosis, not shrinkage, is goal false. <3 cm suitability true, small tumors ideal. Less demanding than partial nephrectomy correct, minimally invasive. Cryoablation at -40°C accurate, lethal threshold. Lack of significant shrinkage distinguishes RFA's effect, key to focal therapy outcomes, unlike size, ease, or temp truths.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Active surveillance suits low/intermediate-risk prostate cancer monitor, not treat high-risk (e.g., Gleason >7). Watchful waiting (palliative) fits comorbidities less aggressive. Prostatectomy + lymph node dissection and radiotherapy are curative high-risk standards. Surveillance's low-risk focus distinguishes it, key to risk-based management, unlike palliative or definitive options.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adrenal medulla receives sympathetic innervation (splanchnic nerves) triggers catecholamine release (e.g., epinephrine). Cortex lacks direct nerves hormonal control (ACTH). Parasympathetic doesn't supply adrenal vagal elsewhere. Medulla's sympathetic link distinguishes it, key to fight-or-flight, unlike cortex or parasympathetic errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ureterocele commonly presents with urinary infections obstruction/stasis breeds bacteria (e.g., E. coli) in kids/adults. Mass is rare large ureteroceles only. Urethral mass fits prolapse uncommon. VUR is associated, not presenting secondary. Infection's frequency distinguishes it, critical for ureterocele diagnosis, unlike rare or related findings.