ATI RN
Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 9
In deciding whether to say no to a request that involves a time commitment, the professional nurse must consider:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Cost-benefit ratio involves weighing the benefits of saying yes against the costs of the time commitment. 2. Professional nurses must consider the impact on patient care, workload, and personal well-being. 3. By evaluating the cost-benefit ratio, nurses can make informed decisions aligned with professional responsibilities and ethical standards. Summary: Choice A is correct because it emphasizes a systematic approach to decision-making based on evaluating the overall impact of the time commitment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the essential consideration of weighing costs and benefits in decision-making.
Question 2 of 9
What does the Spirit of Nursing statue honor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Spirit of Nursing statue honors all military nurses for their bravery and compassion. This is the correct answer because military nurses have demonstrated exceptional dedication and sacrifice in providing care to wounded soldiers during times of conflict. They embody the spirit of selflessness and service that is essential in the nursing profession. Incorrect answers: A: Florence Nightingale is known for her contributions to nursing and public health, but the statue specifically honors military nurses. B: Edith Cavell was a nurse who helped Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium during WWI, not related to the Tuskegee experiment. C: Clara Maas was a nurse who volunteered for yellow fever experiments, but her work was not during WWII and did not lead to a cure for the disease.
Question 3 of 9
An RN delegates to an experienced LPN/LVN the task of administering oral medications to a group of patients. The LPN/LVN accepts the assignment, and the RN knows that the LPN/LVN has had the training and has acquired the skills needed to complete the task. The RN then observes the LPN/LVN recording a patient's medication administration just before entering the patient's room. The priority intervention by the RN is to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stop the LPN/LVN immediately and discuss the possible consequences of his actions in a nonjudgmental manner. This is the priority intervention because it addresses the immediate issue of potentially incorrect documentation and allows for clarity and understanding between the RN and LPN/LVN. It promotes open communication and a chance to correct any errors that may have occurred. Choice A is incorrect because checking the drug packages after the fact does not address the issue of potentially incorrect documentation and missed medications. Choice C is incorrect as it is an extreme response that does not promote a collaborative and educational approach to resolving the situation. Choice D is incorrect as calling the pharmacy for replacement medications is not necessary at this stage and does not address the immediate concern of potentially incorrect documentation.
Question 4 of 9
An older adult has atrial fibrillation, which causes the heart to have an irregular rhythm. The client uses imagery to alter the dysrhythmiThe client is using which type of complementary alternative medicine (CAM)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Biofeedback. Biofeedback is a type of CAM that involves using electronic devices to help individuals gain awareness and control over physiological processes, such as heart rate and muscle tension. In this case, the older adult is using imagery as a form of biofeedback to alter the dysrhythmia. Ayurveda (A) and Dosha (B) are traditional Indian systems of medicine based on balancing bodily energies, not directly related to using imagery for heart rhythm control. Homeopathy (C) is a system of alternative medicine based on the concept that "like cures like" and uses highly diluted substances, not imagery or biofeedback techniques.
Question 5 of 9
A physician bills the insurance company for a computed tomography (CT) scan, laboratory tests, chest x-ray, and an extended visit and receives revenue for each procedure billed. This type of payment system is a payment system.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: capitated. In a capitated payment system, the physician receives a fixed amount per patient regardless of the services provided. This incentivizes cost-effective care and promotes preventive measures. In this scenario, the physician is receiving revenue for each procedure billed, which is not characteristic of capitated payment. A: Prospective payment is when a fixed amount is determined in advance for specific services rendered. This is not the case in the scenario provided. B: Retrospective payment involves reimbursement after the services are provided, which is not reflected in the scenario given. C: Diagnosis-related group (DRG) is a payment system used in hospitals based on the diagnosis and procedures performed, not applicable to individual physician billing as presented in the question.
Question 6 of 9
In February 2010, Congress passed legislation to support universal health care for all Americans. At a local health fair, an individual asks about the difference between universal health care and a single payer system. The nurse explains the difference is that:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a universal health care system, one universal payer (often the government) is responsible for covering all health care expenses for all citizens. This means that everyone, regardless of income or eligibility, is covered under the same system. Choice B is incorrect because a single-payer system does not necessarily limit health care access based on income; it simply means there is one entity responsible for paying health care costs. Choice C is incorrect because single-payer systems do not rely on insurance companies to pay fees; instead, the single payer itself covers the costs directly. Choice D is incorrect because it does not specify that the one payer in a universal health care system is usually the government, which is a key distinction in this context.
Question 7 of 9
A nurse wants to apply open communication to obtain a thorough history and to determine cognitive function. Which question represents the use of open communication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it encourages the patient to provide detailed information and express themselves freely. By asking the patient to "Tell me what day of the week today is," the nurse is prompting an open-ended response, allowing the patient to share their understanding. Choice A is closed-ended, requiring a simple yes/no answer. Choice B is slightly better as it prompts for information, but it is still closed-ended. Choice D is irrelevant to the question of determining cognitive function and history. In summary, C promotes open communication by encouraging the patient to elaborate, while the other choices limit the patient's response.
Question 8 of 9
Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) have attempted to reduce health care costs by decreasing:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: length of hospital stay. DRGs aim to reduce healthcare costs by incentivizing hospitals to provide efficient care and discharge patients sooner. Shortening the length of hospital stay helps decrease overall healthcare expenses without compromising the quality of care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because DRGs focus on the duration of hospitalization, not necessarily on hospital admission rates, outpatient services, or specialty groups. Shortening hospital stays is a more direct way to control costs within the inpatient setting.
Question 9 of 9
A client asks the nurse, "Can you explain Medicare, an amendment to the Social Security Act?" The nurse responds that Medicare:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Medicare is a federal health insurance program that primarily covers individuals aged 65 and older, those with end-stage renal disease, and individuals with permanent disabilities. This answer aligns with the original intent and purpose of Medicare as established by the Social Security Act amendment. Explanation: 1. Medicare was established to provide health insurance for specific groups, including individuals aged 65 and older, those with end-stage renal disease, and individuals with permanent disabilities. 2. The program was not designed to lead to hospital closings or decrease nursing care, as stated in choice A. 3. Choice B is incorrect because Medicare does not specifically target younger adults or children with catastrophic illnesses. 4. Choice C is incorrect because while Medicare may cover preventive care for certain populations, its primary focus is on providing insurance for specific age groups and individuals with specific health conditions.