In coordinating care for a client with venous stasis ulcers, the nurse explains to unlicensed assistive personnel that which of the following is the most important intervention in ulcer healing?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Elevation of the extremities promotes venous return, reducing swelling and improving blood flow to aid in ulcer healing. This intervention is crucial in managing venous stasis ulcers. Surgical debridement (A) may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the most important intervention. Meticulous cleaning (B) is important for wound care but not the most crucial for healing. Leg exercises (C) can help improve circulation but do not directly address venous stasis as effectively as elevation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: P wave. The P wave represents atrial depolarization in an ECG waveform, typically lasting around 0.06 to 0.1 seconds. A nurse measuring this waveform within this time range indicates the measurement aligns with the characteristics of a P wave. The PRI (choice B) represents the time from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex, usually around 0.12 to 0.2 seconds. The QRS complex (choice C) represents ventricular depolarization, typically lasting around 0.06 to 0.1 seconds. The QT interval (choice D) represents the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave, which varies but is generally around 0.36 to 0.44 seconds. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not match the description provided in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reducing afterload. ACE inhibitors reduce afterload by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance. This results in reduced workload on the heart, improved cardiac output, and overall improvement in heart failure symptoms. Option A is incorrect as ACE inhibitors do not increase preload. Option B is incorrect as ACE inhibitors cause vasodilation, not vasoconstriction. Option C is incorrect as ACE inhibitors actually reduce afterload, rather than increasing it.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Dobutamine is a beta-1 adrenergic agonist, leading to increased heart rate (tachycardia). 2. Bradycardia and heart failure are not common adverse effects of dobutamine. 3. Respiratory distress is not a typical adverse effect of dobutamine. 4. Therefore, choice C (Tachycardia) is the correct answer as it aligns with dobutamine's pharmacological effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: They decrease the velocity of electrical activity on the AV node. Calcium channel blockers specifically target calcium channels in the heart muscle, which slows down the influx of calcium ions responsible for electrical conduction in the heart. By reducing the velocity of electrical activity on the AV node, calcium channel blockers help to decrease heart rate and improve myocardial oxygen supply. Incorrect choices: A: They increase the preload on the heart - This is incorrect because calcium channel blockers do not directly affect preload, which is the volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole. C: They block the sodium channels in the heart muscle - This is incorrect because calcium channel blockers do not target sodium channels; they specifically inhibit calcium channels. D: They cause vasoconstriction of coronary arteries - This is incorrect because calcium channel blockers actually have a vasodilatory effect on coronary arteries, which can help improve blood flow to the heart muscle.