ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
In chickenpox, acyclovir is considered in all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acyclovir is used in high-risk chickenpox cases (A, B, C, D). Unvaccinated children <12 (E) don’t routinely need it unless complicated, per guidelines.
Question 2 of 5
In acute pharyngitis, antibiotic therapy should be started promptly in children with all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antibiotics are urgent for confirmed strep (A, C, D, E). Past family history (B) alone doesn’t necessitate immediate treatment without current evidence.
Question 3 of 5
A 7-year-old boy presented with earache and aural discharge mainly in left side, he recently was diving in swimming pool; on examination he is afebrile with tenderness on movement of the pinna. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Otitis externa (B), or swimmer’s ear, fits earache, discharge, and pinna tenderness post-swimming, per clinical presentation.
Question 4 of 5
Regarding complications of pertussis, the MOST permanent disability is a result of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Encephalopathy (E) from pertussis can cause permanent neurologic damage, per complication data.
Question 5 of 5
A 6-year-old child with surgically repaired cyanotic CHD with prosthetic valve presented with sudden attack of unexplained fever, malaise, and weight loss; on examination there are palpable spleen, tachycardia, and a new heart murmur. Of the following, the MOST likely etiologic pathogen of this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viridans streptococci (A) are the most common cause of subacute endocarditis with prosthetic valves, per IDSA.