In caring for a client with acute viral hepatitis, which task should be delegated to the nursing assistant?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for a client with acute viral hepatitis, it is crucial to understand the scope of practice for different healthcare team members to ensure safe and effective patient care. Delegating tasks to nursing assistants should be based on their level of training and competency. Option A, emptying the bedpan while wearing gloves, is the most appropriate task to delegate to a nursing assistant in this scenario. This task involves basic hygiene and infection control measures that align with the nursing assistant's skill set and can help prevent the spread of infection. Options B, suggesting diversional activities, and C, monitoring dietary preferences, involve aspects of emotional support and dietary management that require a higher level of assessment and critical thinking skills typically performed by licensed nursing staff such as registered nurses or licensed practical nurses. Option D, reporting signs and symptoms of jaundice, involves recognizing clinical manifestations that may indicate a worsening condition in the client. This task requires interpretation of clinical data and prompt communication with the healthcare team, making it more appropriate for a licensed nurse who can make clinical judgments. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding delegation principles in healthcare settings. It emphasizes the need to match tasks with the appropriate skill level of the healthcare team member to ensure safe and efficient patient care while promoting teamwork and collaboration among the healthcare team.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Follow the written instructions for a bland, low-fat calorie-controlled diet. This answer is correct because in pancreatitis, the pancreas is inflamed and cannot function properly. A bland, low-fat diet helps reduce stimulation of the pancreas, decreasing the release of digestive enzymes which can worsen the condition. Additionally, a low-fat diet helps prevent the formation of gallstones, a common complication of pancreatitis. Option A is incorrect because eating only two meals a day can lead to overeating during those meals, which can strain the pancreas. Option B is incorrect because even one drink of alcohol can exacerbate pancreatitis, so complete abstinence is recommended. Option C is incorrect because a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet can be too taxing on the pancreas and worsen symptoms. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand the rationale behind dietary recommendations for pancreatitis to provide accurate and effective patient education. By explaining the reasons behind the correct dietary instructions, nurses can help clients manage their condition and prevent complications effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this case, the correct answer is B) Pancreas. The pancreas is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, making it a possible source of the pain described. The pancreas is an organ responsible for producing digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin. Pain in the LUQ can indicate conditions such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, or pancreatic cysts. Option A) Liver is located more in the right upper quadrant, so it is less likely to be the source of LUQ pain. Option C) Appendix is located in the lower right quadrant, so it is not a typical source of LUQ pain. Option D) Gallbladder is located in the right upper quadrant and is not a common cause of LUQ pain. Educationally, understanding the anatomical locations of organs in the abdomen is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose and treat patients presenting with abdominal pain. This knowledge helps in narrowing down differential diagnoses and providing appropriate care. Understanding the specific characteristics and functions of each organ aids in clinical reasoning and decision-making.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A) heart disease. The patient's height, weight, and waist-to-hip ratio indicate central obesity, which is a significant risk factor for heart disease. When excess weight is carried around the abdomen, it can increase the risk of cardiovascular issues due to the accumulation of visceral fat that surrounds internal organs. Option B) osteoporosis is incorrect because osteoporosis is not directly associated with central obesity or waist-to-hip ratio. Osteoporosis is more related to bone density and hormonal factors. Option D) diabetes mellitus is also incorrect in this context. While obesity is a risk factor for diabetes, the patient's waist-to-hip ratio specifically points towards cardiovascular risk rather than diabetes. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the relationship between central obesity and its implications for heart disease. By recognizing the significance of waist-to-hip ratio and weight distribution, nurses and healthcare professionals can provide targeted counseling and interventions to reduce the patient's risk of developing heart disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this gastrointestinal test question, the correct answer is B) Stomatitis. Stomatitis refers to inflammation of the mouth and lips and is commonly associated with systemic diseases like cancer chemotherapy. This condition can develop due to the effects of chemotherapy on rapidly dividing cells in the oral mucosa. Patients undergoing cancer treatment often experience stomatitis, which can significantly impact their quality of life and ability to eat and speak. Option A) Parotitis refers to inflammation of the parotid gland, which is not typically associated with systemic diseases or cancer chemotherapy. It is more commonly seen in conditions like mumps. Option C) Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species and is not directly related to systemic diseases or cancer chemotherapy, although it can occur in immunocompromised individuals. Option D) Vincent's infection, also known as trench mouth, is a bacterial infection of the gums and is not specifically linked to systemic diseases or cancer chemotherapy. Educationally, understanding the relationship between stomatitis and systemic diseases like cancer chemotherapy is crucial for healthcare providers caring for patients undergoing cancer treatment. Recognizing and managing stomatitis effectively can help improve patient outcomes and quality of life during cancer therapy. It is important for students and healthcare professionals to be knowledgeable about the oral complications associated with systemic diseases and their management to provide comprehensive care to patients.