In Carbon monoxide poisoning, Hemoglobin shows about 250 times greater affinity with CO2 than oxygen and Carbonmonoxyheamoglobin (COHb). This causes Oxygen starvation and Asphyxia. The immediate remedy is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Giving pure Oxygen Carbon dioxide mixture. When hemoglobin binds with carbon monoxide (CO) instead of oxygen, it forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Administering pure oxygen helps to displace CO from hemoglobin, but giving pure oxygen alone may not be sufficient in severe cases. By providing a mixture of pure oxygen and carbon dioxide, the increased carbon dioxide levels can help stimulate breathing and aid in the elimination of CO from the body more rapidly. This approach can help restore oxygen levels in the blood more effectively compared to just giving pure oxygen. Dialysis and blood transfusion are not immediate remedies for carbon monoxide poisoning and are not as directly targeted at addressing the underlying issue of COHb formation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chest wall invasion. An MRI would be ordered to assess for any potential invasion of the chest wall by the suspected bronchogenic carcinoma. MRI provides detailed imaging of soft tissues and can help determine the extent of tumor invasion beyond the lungs. Explanation: A: Alveolar dysfunction - Alveolar dysfunction is typically assessed using pulmonary function tests or imaging techniques like CT scans, not MRI. B: Forced vital capacity - Forced vital capacity is a measure of lung function and is not typically assessed using MRI. C: Tidal volume - Tidal volume is a measure of the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal breathing and is not assessed using MRI in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During hyperpnea, which is increased rate and depth of breathing, both inspiration and expiration require muscular contractions. Inspiration involves the diaphragm contracting and external intercostal muscles expanding the rib cage, while expiration involves the internal intercostal muscles contracting to decrease the thoracic cavity volume. This increased muscular effort is necessary to meet the increased oxygen demand of the body during hyperpnea. Options A and C are incorrect as they incorrectly describe either inspiration or expiration as passive. Option B is incorrect as it inaccurately states that expiration is passive, which is not the case during hyperpnea.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: emphysema. Emphysema is a condition characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, leading to a decrease in alveolar surface area for gas exchange. This reduction in surface area impairs the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. In contrast, lung cancer (A) primarily affects lung tissue but may not directly reduce alveolar surface area. Atelectasis (B) refers to the collapse of lung tissue, which can impact ventilation but not necessarily alveolar surface area. Pneumothorax (D) is the presence of air in the pleural space and does not directly affect alveolar surface area.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: olfactory epithelium. The olfactory epithelium is responsible for detecting smells, not providing chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. Medullary chemoreceptors, aortic body, and carotid body are all involved in sensing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels in the blood, providing crucial input to regulate breathing. The olfactory epithelium is not directly involved in respiratory regulation, making it the exception in this context.