In assessing clients for pernicious anemia, the nurse should be alert for which of the following risk factors?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pernicious anemia is primarily caused by the body's inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor produced by the stomach. However, chronic blood loss can also lead to anemia by depleting the body's iron stores necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells. Acute blood loss can quickly lower the hemoglobin levels in the blood, while chronic blood loss can lead to iron-deficiency anemia over time. Therefore, in assessing clients for pernicious anemia, the nurse should be alert for the risk factor of acute or chronic blood loss as a potential cause of anemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The IV route was likely chosen for the administration of furosemide (Lasix) in this acutely fluid-overloaded patient because IV is the route of choice when rapid administration is needed. When given intravenously, the medication is able to produce a quicker and more immediate diuretic effect compared to oral administration, allowing for more rapid relief of fluid overload symptoms. This can be crucial in emergency situations where the patient's condition requires fast intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In infants with heart failure, they may have increased metabolic demands due to their condition. Thus, it may be necessary to increase the caloric density of the infant's formula to ensure adequate nutrition and energy intake. This can help support the infant's growth and provide the necessary energy for their increased metabolic needs. Increasing the amount of formula or feeding too frequently (every 2 hours) may not be necessary and could lead to other issues like overfeeding. Placing a nasal oxygen cannula on the infant during and after each feeding (Option D) is not typically related to feeding practices for an infant with heart failure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary hyperaldosteronism is a condition characterized by excessive production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body. When there is an overproduction of aldosterone, it can lead to increased sodium retention and potassium excretion, resulting in hypertension. Therefore, in this case, the client's hypertension is caused by excessive hormone secretion from the adrenal cortex, making option A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypothyroidism is not a typical risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea.