In Asia, the following hepatitis virus appears to be a significant cause of viral myocarditis

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) hepatitis E virus. In Asia, hepatitis E virus is a significant cause of viral myocarditis in pediatric patients. Hepatitis E virus is known to cause acute hepatitis and can lead to complications such as myocarditis, which is inflammation of the heart muscle. Hepatitis B virus (Option B) primarily affects the liver and is not commonly associated with viral myocarditis. Hepatitis C virus (Option C) is also primarily a liver disease and does not have a strong association with myocarditis. Hepatitis D virus (Option D) is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B virus for replication and is not a common cause of myocarditis. Educationally, understanding the specific viral causes of myocarditis in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for children with hepatitis infections. Recognizing the potential cardiac complications of hepatitis E virus can help nurses provide appropriate monitoring and interventions to prevent serious cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients with this infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric cardiovascular nursing, understanding the normal functioning of the heart is crucial. Option B, "During tachycardia diastolic time reduced than systolic time," is the correct answer. This statement accurately reflects the physiological response during tachycardia where the heart rate increases, leading to a decrease in diastolic time compared to systolic time. This alteration in the cardiac cycle can impact cardiac output and the overall efficiency of the heart's pumping action. Option A, "Ventricular septal depolarization occurs from Lt ï‚® Rt," is incorrect because the direction of ventricular septal depolarization is typically from the right ventricle to the left ventricle. This sequential depolarization allows for coordinated contraction of the ventricles to facilitate efficient blood ejection. In an educational context, this question serves to assess the understanding of pediatric cardiovascular physiology and the implications of tachycardia on cardiac function. By selecting the correct answer, students demonstrate knowledge of the relationship between heart rate and diastolic time, highlighting the importance of maintaining a balance in the cardiac cycle for optimal cardiac performance in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding arrhythmias in children is crucial for providing safe and effective care. In this context, the correct answer is A) Re-entry Tachycardia is the commonest. Re-entry tachycardia, specifically AV nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT), is one of the most common types of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in children. It occurs due to a re-entrant circuit within the AV node, leading to rapid heart rates. Option B) Adenosine decreases the force of cardiac contractility is incorrect. Adenosine is a first-line medication for terminating SVT by blocking AV nodal conduction, not by affecting cardiac contractility. Option C) SVT can cause hydrops foetalis is incorrect. Hydrops foetalis is a condition of severe fetal edema, usually caused by conditions such as immune hydrops or fetal heart failure, not SVT. Option D) Valsalva maneuver can restore sinus rhythm is incorrect. While the Valsalva maneuver can be used to help diagnose and sometimes treat certain arrhythmias, it is not typically effective in restoring sinus rhythm in pediatric patients with arrhythmias. Understanding pediatric arrhythmias, their common presentations, diagnostic tools, and treatment modalities is essential for pediatric nurses. Being able to differentiate between various types of arrhythmias and their management strategies ensures timely and appropriate interventions to promote positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is crucial for providing safe and effective care to young patients. The correct answer, "B) Adenosine helpful in management," is the most appropriate option. Adenosine is a common medication used to treat SVT by slowing down the heart rate and restoring normal sinus rhythm. This intervention is effective and commonly used in clinical practice. Option A, "A) HR . 220 /min," is incorrect as a heart rate of 220 beats per minute is extremely high and indicative of SVT, but it does not offer a management strategy. Option C, "C) Beat to beat variation is not present," is incorrect because in SVT, there is typically a regular, rapid heart rate without beat-to-beat variation. Option D, "D) Valsalva maneuver is a treatment method," is incorrect because while the Valsalva maneuver can be attempted as a vagal maneuver to try and slow down the heart rate in some cases of SVT, it is not a definitive treatment method and adenosine is usually preferred. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be familiar with the management of SVT in children, including the use of adenosine. Understanding the appropriate interventions for SVT can help nurses provide timely and effective care, ensuring positive outcomes for their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and pharmacology, understanding congenital complete heart block is crucial. The correct answer, option B - SLE mother's child, is the most appropriate choice because congenital complete heart block can be associated with maternal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This autoimmune condition can lead to the development of autoantibodies that cross the placenta and affect the fetal heart's electrical conduction system, resulting in complete heart block. Option A - Corrected TGA (transposition of the great arteries) is incorrect as it does not directly relate to congenital complete heart block. Option C - Prolonged QT syndrome is also incorrect as it pertains to a different cardiac condition characterized by a prolonged QT interval on an electrocardiogram. Option D - MgSO4 therapy to the mother is unrelated to congenital complete heart block and is typically used for conditions like preeclampsia. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the potential maternal factors that can contribute to congenital heart block in infants. It underscores the need for nurses to assess and monitor infants born to mothers with autoimmune conditions like SLE to provide appropriate care and interventions. Understanding these connections is essential for pediatric nurses caring for infants with congenital heart conditions.