In anticipation of a complication that may develop in the second half of pregnancy, the nurse teaches an 18-week-gravid client to call the office if she experiences which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Headache and decreased output. This symptom combination could indicate preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage. Teaching the client to watch for these signs is crucial for early detection and intervention. Option B) Puffy feet is a common occurrence in pregnancy due to fluid retention and is not necessarily a cause for immediate concern unless accompanied by other symptoms like high blood pressure. Option C) Hemorrhoids and vaginal discharge are common discomforts in pregnancy but are not typically indicators of a serious complication in the second half of pregnancy that would require immediate attention. Option D) Backache is a common complaint during pregnancy and is usually related to postural changes and the growing uterus pressing on nerves and muscles. While discomforting, it is not typically a sign of a complication that requires immediate medical attention. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of patient education in recognizing warning signs for potential complications during pregnancy. Teaching pregnant clients to be aware of specific symptoms and when to seek medical advice can help in the early detection and management of maternal diseases, ultimately improving outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Cardiac disease may demonstrate signs and symptoms of respiratory illness. This statement is correct because congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system can often present with symptoms that mimic respiratory issues. Due to the close anatomical and functional relationship between the heart and lungs, cardiac abnormalities can lead to respiratory distress or symptoms, making it crucial to consider cardiac conditions in infants presenting with respiratory symptoms. Option B is incorrect because screening for congenital anomalies of the respiratory system should be comprehensive and not limited to only those infants experiencing respiratory distress. Early detection through routine screening is essential to identify and manage these anomalies effectively. Option C is incorrect because choanal atresia, a nasal cavity obstruction, typically requires a surgical intervention such as a choanoplasty, rather than simple removal using a suction catheter. Option D is incorrect as congenital diaphragmatic hernias are often diagnosed prenatally through imaging studies and require urgent management immediately after birth to prevent serious respiratory and cardiovascular complications. In an educational context, understanding the interconnectedness of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in infants is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in the care of neonates. Recognizing the potential overlap of symptoms and the need for comprehensive screening and timely interventions are essential to improve outcomes for infants with congenital anomalies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Mild cases involve a single surgical procedure. Rationale: - The nurse should inform the parents that mild cases of hypospadias often only require a single surgical procedure to correct the penile abnormality. This information reassures the parents that the condition can be effectively treated with a relatively straightforward procedure. Why the other options are incorrect: - Option B) Infant should be circumcised: Circumcision is not a treatment for hypospadias. It is a separate procedure and should not be confused with the surgical correction of hypospadias. - Option C) Repair is performed as soon as possible after birth: While early correction is recommended to prevent potential complications, the urgency of the surgery may vary based on the severity of the condition and the overall health of the newborn. - Option D) No correlation exists between hypospadias and testicular cancer: This statement is irrelevant to the immediate concerns of the parents regarding the treatment and management of hypospadias in their newborn. Educational context: - It is crucial for nurses to provide accurate and clear information to parents of newborns with congenital conditions like hypospadias. By understanding the treatment options and outcomes, parents can make informed decisions and feel more empowered to support their child through the necessary medical interventions. This education helps alleviate anxiety and fosters trust in the healthcare team.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an inflammatory condition that can develop as a complication of untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal pharyngitis caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria. The correct answer is A) Streptococcal pharyngitis because this infection can lead to an autoimmune response where antibodies attack not only the bacteria but also healthy tissues, including heart valves, causing RHD. Option B) Primary syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a different bacterium that does not typically lead to RHD. Option C) Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a different bacterium that does not have a direct link to RHD. Option D) Chlamydial vaginitis is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium that is not associated with the development of RHD. Educationally, understanding the link between streptococcal infections and rheumatic heart disease is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in regions where access to healthcare and antibiotics may be limited. Early detection and appropriate treatment of streptococcal infections can prevent the development of RHD, highlighting the importance of timely and effective management of infections to prevent long-term complications like RHD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In caring for a pregnant woman with antiphospholipid syndrome, it is crucial for the clinic nurse to especially observe for the development of elevated blood pressure. Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that can lead to complications during pregnancy, including preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure. Monitoring blood pressure is essential to detect any signs of preeclampsia early and prevent serious complications for both the mother and the baby. Urinary tract infections (option A) are not typically directly associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Nausea and vomiting (option B) are common symptoms in pregnancy but are not specifically linked to this syndrome. Reduced blood glucose level (option D) is more commonly seen in conditions like gestational diabetes, which is not a typical manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome. In an educational context, understanding the specific complications and monitoring requirements for pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome is crucial for nurses providing antenatal care. By recognizing the significance of elevated blood pressure in this population, nurses can play a key role in early detection and management of potential complications, ultimately improving maternal and fetal outcomes.