In an extreme situation and when no other resident or intern is available, should a nurse receive telephone orders, the order has to be correctly written and signed by the physician within:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In an extreme situation where no other resident or intern is available, if a nurse receives telephone orders, the order has to be correctly written and signed by the physician within 36 hours. This time frame ensures timely documentation and validation of the orders. Choice A (24 hours) is too short a period for busy physicians to fulfill the task. Choice C (48 hours) is too long and delays the incorporation of physician orders into the patient's care plan. Choice D (12 hours) may not provide enough time for the physician to review and sign the order, especially in situations where immediate attention is not required.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Type II diabetes (NIDDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin. It is not primarily characterized by an abnormal immune response. Option A is incorrect because only Type I diabetes clients are prone to developing ketosis due to a lack of insulin. Option B is incorrect because while Type II diabetes is more common and often preventable through lifestyle changes, it is not solely genetic. Option C is incorrect because Type I diabetes, not Type II, is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia due to an absolute lack of insulin production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a comatose patient, it is essential to consider that hearing is often the last sense to be lost. Therefore, talking loudly, as in option B, is the correct approach. By speaking loudly, you increase the chances of the patient being able to perceive sound even in a comatose state, potentially providing comfort and connection. Option A is incorrect because assuming that the patient cannot hear without evidence can be detrimental to the patient's well-being and may hinder any potential communication. Option C is also incorrect because instructing the family not to talk eliminates a potential source of comfort and support for the patient, as hearing their familiar voices can have a positive impact. Option D, while well-intentioned, may not be as effective as speaking loudly. In a comatose state, the patient may be more likely to detect louder sounds. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of understanding sensory perception in different states of consciousness and the significance of maintaining communication and connection with patients, even when they are unable to respond outwardly. It emphasizes the value of considering all senses when caring for patients, especially in vulnerable states like coma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Being in contact with reality and the environment is a function of the ego. The ego is responsible for mediating between the id's basic desires, the superego's idealistic standards, and the real world. The conscience (not listed as a choice) is related to feelings of guilt or moral responsibility. The id represents primal instincts, and the superego represents the internalized ideals and moral standards.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Red. In the medical field, tanks containing nitrous oxide (laughing gas) are typically color-coded with a specific color for easy identification. Nitrous oxide tanks are commonly labeled with a red color code. This color-coding system helps healthcare providers quickly and accurately identify the contents of the tanks, reducing the risk of errors in administering gases to patients. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the universally-accepted color for nitrous oxide tanks is red, not blue, green, or orange.